Word (.docx)
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- Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).
- Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
- Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
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Item Type(s):
This benchmark may be assessed using:
EBSR
,
MS
,
ST
,
MC
item(s)
Assessed with: LAFS.6.RL.2.4, LAFS.6.RL.3.5
- Assessment Limits :
Items may ask the student to use the text to determine the meanings of words and phrases. Items should focus on how the words or phrases function within a passage and may require the student to analyze the impact of word choice on the text. Items should focus on words and phrases that are central to themeaning of text. Items should focus on grade-appropriate words. Items should not focus on dictionary-based word meanings butshould focus on how a word or phrase functions within the context ofthe passage. Items should focus on words and phrases that have figurative or allusive meanings central to the meaning of the text rather than isolated, incidental vocabulary. Items may ask about words with discrete context clues in close proximity or words whose meaning is conveyed more implicitly throughout the passage. Items may ask the student to employ various strategiesto explore word meaning, including the use of Greek or Latin affixes and roots. Items may require the student to use word relationships to determine the meanings of individual words. Items may ask the student to analyze figurative or connotative meanings of words. - Text Types :
Items assessing these standards may be used with one or more grade-appropriate literary texts. Texts may vary incomplexity - Response Mechanisms :
The Enhanced Item Descriptions section on page 3 provides a list of Response Mechanisms that may be used to assess thisstandard (excluding the Editing Task Choice item type). The Sample Response Mechanisms may include, but are not limited to, the examples below. - Task Demand and Sample Response Mechanisms :
Task Demand
Determine the meaning of words or phrases by using context clues that are either explicitly or implicitly stated in the text.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that show the meaning of words used in the text.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that show the meanings of words as determined using context clues.
EBSR
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word or phrase and then to select words or phrases from the text that show the meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of words used in the text.
- Requires the student to select multiple words or phrases from the text that act as context clues when determining another word’s meaning.
Task DemandAnalyze the impact of the author’s word choice on meaning or tone.
Sample Response Mechaisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that show the impact of word choice on a text’s meaning or tone.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that show the impact of the author’sword choice on meaning or tone.
- Requires the student to select an inference about the impact of the author’s word choice on meaning or tone and then to select words or phrases from the passage that support that inference.
- Requires the student to select the impact of word choice on a text’s meaning or tone.
- Requires the student to select multiple ways a particular word adds to an analysis of the text and its tone.
Task DemandDetermine the meaning of an unknown or multiple-meaning word or phrase by using context, such as a word’s position or the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide context clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that provide context clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word and then to select words or phrases from the text that act as context clues to support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of anunknown or multiple-meaning word.
Task DemandDetermine the meaning of a word using common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes or roots.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that contain Greek or Latin affixes or roots that provide clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that contain Greek or Latin affixes or roots that provide clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
EBSR
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word and then to select words or phrases with Greek or Latin affixes or roots from the text to support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word that contains a Greek or Latin affix or root.
Task DemandInterpret figures of speech in the context of the text.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide context clues to the meaning of a figure of speech.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that provide context clues to the meaning of a figure of speech.
- Requires the student to interpret the meaning of a figure of speech and then to select words or phrases from the text that support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a figure of speech in the context of the text.
Task DemandUse relationships, such as cause and effect or part and whole, between specific words to help interpret their meaning.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide support for the interpretation of a word’s meaning.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that show the meanings of words as determined using word relationships.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word and then to select words or phrases from the text that support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word in the context of the text or word relationship.
Task DemandDistinguish among the connotations of words with similar definitions.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide support for the connotation of a word.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that help to determine which connotation of a word is being used.
- Requires the student to select the correct connotation of a word and then to select words or phrases from the text that support that meaning.
Multiple Choice
- Requires the student to select the correct connotation or synonym of a word found in the text.
Related Courses
Related Access Points
Related Resources
Lesson Plans
Original Student Tutorials
Unit/Lesson Sequences
Original Student Tutorials for Language Arts - Grades 6-12
Learn how to use context clues—including definitions, synonyms, and antonyms—to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in this baseball-themed, interactive tutorial.
Learn about three roots from ancient Latin and Greek — Per, Seque, and Mis — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial.
Learn about 3 Latin roots (Am, Ab, and Ad) and 12 new words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll make some interesting language connections and hopefully add some new words to your vocabulary!
Learn about 3 Greek and Latin roots (spect, path, and omni) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary!
Learn about ancient Latin roots — Ante, Post, Scrib, and Script — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial.
Learn how to determine the meaning of "mysterious" words by analyzing context clues, word roots, prefixes, and suffixes in this interactive tutorial.
Learn about five roots from ancient Latin and Greek—frag, fract, cret, syn, and sym—and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial.
Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in an informational text about the Revolutionary War in this interactive tutorial.
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial.
Learn 12 new vocabulary words, identify their parts of speech, synonyms, and antonyms, and use them in context with this interactive tutorial.
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial.
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words in this interactive tutorial! You'll practice the words' synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in order to add them to your vocabulary.
Learn about Greek and Latin roots (anti, capit, bene, bon, and mal) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary!
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorials
Learn how to use context clues—including definitions, synonyms, and antonyms—to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in this baseball-themed, interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn about Greek and Latin roots (anti, capit, bene, bon, and mal) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn about ancient Latin roots — Ante, Post, Scrib, and Script — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn about three roots from ancient Latin and Greek — Per, Seque, and Mis — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn about five roots from ancient Latin and Greek—frag, fract, cret, syn, and sym—and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn about 3 Latin roots (Am, Ab, and Ad) and 12 new words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll make some interesting language connections and hopefully add some new words to your vocabulary!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words in this interactive tutorial! You'll practice the words' synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in order to add them to your vocabulary.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn 12 new vocabulary words, identify their parts of speech, synonyms, and antonyms, and use them in context with this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in an informational text about the Revolutionary War in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn how to determine the meaning of "mysterious" words by analyzing context clues, word roots, prefixes, and suffixes in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn about 3 Greek and Latin roots (spect, path, and omni) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
