General Information
Test Item Specifications
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that show the meaning of words used in the text.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that show the meanings of words as determined using context clues.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word or phrase and then to select words or phrases from the text that show the meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of words used in the text.
- Requires the student to select multiple words or phrases from the text that act as context clues when determining another word’s meaning.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that show the impact of word choice on a text’s meaning or tone.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that show the impact of the author’sword choice on meaning or tone.
- Requires the student to select an inference about the impact of the author’s word choice on meaning or tone and then to select words or phrases from the passage that support that inference.
- Requires the student to select the impact of word choice on a text’s meaning or tone.
- Requires the student to select multiple ways a particular word adds to an analysis of the text and its tone.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide context clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that provide context clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word and then to select words or phrases from the text that act as context clues to support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of anunknown or multiple-meaning word.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that contain Greek or Latin affixes or roots that provide clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that contain Greek or Latin affixes or roots that provide clues to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word and then to select words or phrases with Greek or Latin affixes or roots from the text to support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word that contains a Greek or Latin affix or root.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide context clues to the meaning of a figure of speech.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that provide context clues to the meaning of a figure of speech.
- Requires the student to interpret the meaning of a figure of speech and then to select words or phrases from the text that support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a figure of speech in the context of the text.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide support for the interpretation of a word’s meaning.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that show the meanings of words as determined using word relationships.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word and then to select words or phrases from the text that support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word in the context of the text or word relationship.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide support for the connotation of a word.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from two sections of text that help to determine which connotation of a word is being used.
- Requires the student to select the correct connotation of a word and then to select words or phrases from the text that support that meaning.
- Requires the student to select the correct connotation or synonym of a word found in the text.
Items may ask the student to use the text to determine the meanings of words and phrases. Items should focus on how the words or phrases function within a passage and may require the student to analyze the impact of word choice on the text. Items should focus on words and phrases that are central to themeaning of text. Items should focus on grade-appropriate words. Items should not focus on dictionary-based word meanings butshould focus on how a word or phrase functions within the context ofthe passage. Items should focus on words and phrases that have figurative or allusive meanings central to the meaning of the text rather than isolated, incidental vocabulary. Items may ask about words with discrete context clues in close proximity or words whose meaning is conveyed more implicitly throughout the passage. Items may ask the student to employ various strategiesto explore word meaning, including the use of Greek or Latin affixes and roots. Items may require the student to use word relationships to determine the meanings of individual words. Items may ask the student to analyze figurative or connotative meanings of words.
Items assessing these standards may be used with one or more grade-appropriate literary texts. Texts may vary incomplexity
The Enhanced Item Descriptions section on page 3 provides a list of Response Mechanisms that may be used to assess thisstandard (excluding the Editing Task Choice item type). The Sample Response Mechanisms may include, but are not limited to, the examples below.
Task Demand
Determine the meaning of words or phrases by using context clues that are either explicitly or implicitly stated in the text.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
EBSR
Analyze the impact of the author’s word choice on meaning or tone.
Sample Response Mechaisms
Selectable Text
Determine the meaning of an unknown or multiple-meaning word or phrase by using context, such as a word’s position or the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
Determine the meaning of a word using common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes or roots.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
EBSR
Interpret figures of speech in the context of the text.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
Use relationships, such as cause and effect or part and whole, between specific words to help interpret their meaning.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
Distinguish among the connotations of words with similar definitions.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Text
Multiple Choice
Related Courses
Course Number1111 | Course Title222 |
1000000: | M/J Intensive Language Arts (MC) (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022 (course terminated)) |
1000010: | M/J Intensive Reading 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2021, 2021 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
1000020: | M/J Intensive Reading and Career Planning (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2019, 2019 - 2021, 2021 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
1001010: | M/J Language Arts 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
1001020: | M/J Language Arts 1 Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
1002000: | M/J Language Arts 1 Through ESOL (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current)) |
1002180: | M/J English Language Development (MC) (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current)) |
1006000: | M/J Journalism 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2021, 2021 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
1007000: | M/J Speech and Debate 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2019, 2019 - 2021, 2021 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
1008010: | M/J Reading 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2021 (course terminated)) |
1008020: | M/J Reading 1, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2021 (course terminated)) |
1009030: | M/J Writing 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
7810011: | Access M/J Language Arts 1 (Specifically in versions: 2013 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current)) |
1002181: | M/J Developmental Language Arts Through ESOL (Reading) (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current)) |
1007025: | M/J Speech and Debate (Specifically in versions: 2015 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current)) |
Related Resources
Lesson Plans
Name | Description |
A Close Reading: An Excerpt from A Corner of the Universe | In this lesson, students will read an excerpt from A Corner of the Universe by Ann M. Martin. Students will explore how a character's point of view can influence how events are described and shape a text. Upon completion of the close reading activities, students will practice their narrative writing skills by creating an original dialogue between the main character and her mother. |
Action Is Character: Exploring Character Traits with Adjectives | Students gain a deeper understanding of characters from a novel they have read by creating charts linking characters' actions with the characters' traits. Then they explore adjectives that describe character traits using a variety of resources. Next, students use their analysis of the characters and their knowledge of adjectives to create descriptive lists for three other characters from the point of view of one particular character. Finally, they play a game in which the class tries to identify which character is described by the students' adjective lists. This activity is effective using any story with rich characterization. |
The Secret Life Continues: An Extension of "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" | After students read James Thurber's short story "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty," they will write a narrative of a daydream to add to the text using narrative techniques and incorporating multimedia elements. |
Moon Light Through the Month | Students will work in small groups to arrange moon phase cards into the correct sequence. |
The Rise of the Mongoose: Analyzing Character Confrontations in "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" | In this lesson, students will study the short story "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" by Rudyard Kipling. Students will analyze the confrontations that drive the story's plot, noting what happens and who is involved, how Rikki's character is developed through each confrontation, and how each confrontation helps develop the plot. A copy of the story is included with the lesson, as well as a text discussion guide for teachers, comprehension questions, a vocabulary key, a graphic organizer and key, and an optional rubric for the summative assessment. |
Views on Freedom: Part 2 of 3 | In this second part of a three-part unit, students will read and analyze the folktale "The People Could Fly" for its use of figurative language and literary elements using a chart similar to the poetry chart from Lesson #1 (resource ID 43909). Short answer questions have also been included. In the closure activity students will compare and contrast the folktale with a poem they read in the first lesson in the unit as to how each text approaches the topic of freedom. |
Original Student Tutorials
Name | Description |
Around the Horn: Using Context Clues | Learn how to use context clues—including definitions, synonyms, and antonyms—to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in this baseball-themed, interactive tutorial. |
Words Take Root: Learning New Vocabulary | Learn about Greek and Latin roots (anti, capit, bene, bon, and mal) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary! |
Rooting Out Words: Learning New Vocabulary | Learn about ancient Latin roots — Ante, Post, Scrib, and Script — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial. |
Getting at the Roots of Language: Learning New Vocabulary | Learn about three roots from ancient Latin and Greek — Per, Seque, and Mis — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial. |
The Root of the Matter: Learning New Vocabulary | Learn about five roots from ancient Latin and Greek—frag, fract, cret, syn, and sym—and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial. |
Know Your Roots: Learning New Vocabulary | Learn about 3 Latin roots (Am, Ab, and Ad) and 12 new words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll make some interesting language connections and hopefully add some new words to your vocabulary! |
Vocabulary Unleashed | Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words in this interactive tutorial! You'll practice the words' synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in order to add them to your vocabulary. |
Vocabulary Mastery | Learn 12 new vocabulary words, identify their parts of speech, synonyms, and antonyms, and use them in context with this interactive tutorial. |
Time for Revolution: Using Context Clues | Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in an informational text about the Revolutionary War in this interactive tutorial. |
Vocabulary Power | Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial. |
Vocabulary in Action | Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial. |
Solving Word Mysteries: Context Clues and Word Parts | Learn how to determine the meaning of "mysterious" words by analyzing context clues, word roots, prefixes, and suffixes in this interactive tutorial. |
Putting Down Roots: Learning New Vocabulary | Learn about 3 Greek and Latin roots (spect, path, and omni) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary! |
Unit/Lesson Sequences
Name | Description |
A Study of "America Street: A Multicultural Anthology of Stories" | This is a sixth grade unit using the collection of short stories in "America Street: A Multicultural Anthology of Stories" by Anne Mazer. Students will examine point of view, multiple perspectives, character development, and setting in these varied texts. This unit includes a complete packet with graphic organizers, a pacing guide, and an assessment with answer key and possible student responses. |
Investigating a Mystery in "Chasing Vermeer" | This sixth grade unit is based on the mystery novel Chasing Vermeer by Blue Balliett. Students will analyze clues and motives, study plot, and make predictions while learning about the artist Johannes Vermeer. It includes a complete packet with creative activities, graphic organizers, a pacing guide, and an assessment with answer key and possible student responses. |
A Study of Science and Fantasy Fiction in A Wrinkle in Time | This is a sixth grade unit on the sci-fi novel A Wrinkle in Time by Madeline L'Engle. Students will examine the characteristics of scientific and futuristic fiction including vocabulary, setting, and plot development. This unit includes a complete packet with graphic organizers, a pacing guide, and an assessment with answer key and possible student responses. |
Exploring Verse Novels with "Keeping the Night Watch" and "Chess Rumble" | This is a sixth grade unit on the verse novels Keeping the Night Watch by Hope Anita Smith and Chess Rumble by G. Neri. This unit explores narrative and lyric poetry, figurative language, author's purpose, voice, and symbolism. It includes games, graphic organizers, and a complete student packet, and includes a pacing guide and assessment with sample student answers. |
Figurative Language in "Home of the Brave" by Katherine Applegate | This is a sixth grade unit on the verse novel Home of the Brave by Katherine Applegate. This unit explores narrative and lyric poetry, figurative language, author's purpose, voice, and symbolism. It is rich with games, graphic organizers, and a complete student packet and includes a pacing guide and assessment with sample student answers. |
Analyzing Characters and Making Predictions in "Sammy Keyes and the Hotel Thief" | This is a sixth grade unit on the mystery novel Sammy Keyes and the Hotel Thief by Wendelin Van Draanen. Students will analyze characters, study the plot, and make predictions in this forensic-themed unit. This unit includes a complete packet with graphic organizers, a pacing guide, and an assessment with answer key and possible student responses. |
"The House on Mango Street": A Short Story Unit Examining Point of View, Perspective, and Plot | This is a sixth grade unit using the short stories in The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros to identify point of view, interpret a character's perspective, and utilize plot elements to retell a story. This unit includes several graphic organizers, an assessment, and an answer key with sample responses. |
Examining an Autobiography: "The Lost Garden" by Laurence Yep | This is a sixth grade unit on Laurence Yep's autobiography, The Lost Garden. Students analyze author's purpose and the key characteristics of an autobiography. This unit contains a student packet, pacing guide, and an assessment with answer key and sample student responses. In addition, this unit includes instructional techniques such as a PIES chart, a T chart, and more! |
Analyzing the Mystery Novel "The Westing Game" by Ellen Raskin | This is a sixth grade unit on the mystery novel "The Westing Game" by Ellen Raskin. Students will analyze the character's motives, identify clues to solve the mystery, make predictions about the conclusion, and identify 'red herrings'. This unit on detective fiction includes a complete packet with graphic organizers, a pacing guide, and an assessment with answer key. |
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorials
Name | Description |
Around the Horn: Using Context Clues: | Learn how to use context clues—including definitions, synonyms, and antonyms—to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in this baseball-themed, interactive tutorial. |
Words Take Root: Learning New Vocabulary: | Learn about Greek and Latin roots (anti, capit, bene, bon, and mal) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary! |
Rooting Out Words: Learning New Vocabulary: | Learn about ancient Latin roots — Ante, Post, Scrib, and Script — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial. |
Getting at the Roots of Language: Learning New Vocabulary: | Learn about three roots from ancient Latin and Greek — Per, Seque, and Mis — and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial. |
The Root of the Matter: Learning New Vocabulary: | Learn about five roots from ancient Latin and Greek—frag, fract, cret, syn, and sym—and practice using twelve modern words connected with these roots to build your vocabulary in this interactive tutorial. |
Know Your Roots: Learning New Vocabulary: | Learn about 3 Latin roots (Am, Ab, and Ad) and 12 new words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll make some interesting language connections and hopefully add some new words to your vocabulary! |
Vocabulary Unleashed: | Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words in this interactive tutorial! You'll practice the words' synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in order to add them to your vocabulary. |
Vocabulary Mastery: | Learn 12 new vocabulary words, identify their parts of speech, synonyms, and antonyms, and use them in context with this interactive tutorial. |
Time for Revolution: Using Context Clues: | Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in an informational text about the Revolutionary War in this interactive tutorial. |
Vocabulary Power: | Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial. |
Vocabulary in Action: | Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words using synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in this interactive tutorial. |
Solving Word Mysteries: Context Clues and Word Parts: | Learn how to determine the meaning of "mysterious" words by analyzing context clues, word roots, prefixes, and suffixes in this interactive tutorial. |
Putting Down Roots: Learning New Vocabulary: | Learn about 3 Greek and Latin roots (spect, path, and omni) and 12 modern words that feature those roots. In this interactive tutorial, you'll practice using these words and hopefully add them to your vocabulary! |