A. Cells have characteristic structures and functions that make them distinctive.
B. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and homeostasis.
C. Life can be organized in a functional and structural hierarchy ranging from cells to the biosphere.
D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.
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Also Assesses:
- Clarification :
Students will describe and/or explain the cell theory.
Students will describe how continuous investigations and/or new scientific information influenced the development of the cell theory.
Students will identify ways in which a scientific claim is evaluated (e.g., through scientific argumentation, critical and logical thinking, and consideration of alternative explanations).
Students will identify what is science, what is not science, and what resembles but fails to meet the criteria for science.
Students will explain the development of a theory.
Students will recognize the differences between theories and laws.
- Content Limits :
Items may assess how contributions of scientists such as Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden, and/or Virchow aided in the development of the cell theory but will not assess what each scientist contributed.
Items assessing a scientific claim, the development of a theory, or the differences between theories and laws are limited to the cell theory.
- Stimulus Attributes :
None Specified - Response Attributes :
None specified - Prior Knowledge :
Items may require the student to apply scientific knowledge described in the NGSSS from lower grades. This benchmark requires prerequisite knowledge of SC.6.L.14.2, SC.8.E.5.10, SC.6.N.2.1, SC.6.N.2.2, SC.6.N.3.1, SC.6.N.3.2, SC.6.N.3.3, SC.7.N.1.7, SC.7.N.2.1, SC.7.N.3.1, SC.8.N.1.5, SC.8.N.2.1, SC.8.N.2.2, and SC.8.N.3.2.
SC.912.N.1.3 Recognize that the strength or usefulness of a scientific claim is evaluated through scientific argumentation, which depends on critical and logical thinking, and the active consideration of alternative scientific explanations to explain the data presented.
SC.912.N.2.1 Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science (but fails to meet the criteria for science).
SC.912.N.3.1 Explain that a scientific theory is the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all the current evidence concerning a substantial range of phenomena; thus, a scientific theory represents the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer.
SC.912.N.3.4 Recognize that theories do not become laws, nor do laws become theories; theories are well-supported explanations and laws are well-supported descriptions.
- Test Item #: Sample Item 1
- Question: The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
- Difficulty: N/A
- Type: MC: Multiple Choice
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Original Student Tutorial
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Text Resource
Original Student Tutorials Science - Grades 9-12
Learn how to identify explicit evidence and understand implicit meaning in the basic principles of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells. These cells are the smallest and basic unit of life. And finally, cells can only come from other cells.
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorial
Learn how to identify explicit evidence and understand implicit meaning in the basic principles of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells. These cells are the smallest and basic unit of life. And finally, cells can only come from other cells.
Type: Original Student Tutorial