Standard #: SC.912.L.14.1


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Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science.


General Information

Subject Area: Science
Grade: 912
Body of Knowledge: Life Science
Standard: Organization and Development of Living Organisms -

A. Cells have characteristic structures and functions that make them distinctive.

B. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and homeostasis.

C. Life can be organized in a functional and structural hierarchy ranging from cells to the biosphere.

D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved
Assessed: Yes

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Related Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
SC.912.L.14.In.1 Identify that all living things are made of cells and cells function in similar ways (cell theory).
SC.912.L.14.Su.1 Identify that the cell is the smallest basic unit of life and that all living things are made of cells.
SC.912.L.14.Pa.1 Match parts of common living things to their functions.


Related Resources

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Cell Theory and Foundations of Our Government: Lesson Two

Students will explore the critical contributions that led to the development of the Cell Theory and those that led to the development of our constitutional republic. They will also be able to explain how both science and politics involve people working together from various backgrounds and specialities to build ideas and solve problems in this integrated lesson plan.

Cell Theory and Foundation of Our Government: Lesson One

Students will learn about the foundational ideas behind the Cell Theory and the U.S. government and begin to understand how both science and politics involve people from different backgrounds and specialities working together to build ideas and solve problems in this integrated lesson plan.

Cells Are Alive!

This lesson plan guides the student to examine the reasoning behind each of the tenets of the cell theory. Students will explore the formulation of cell theory and why this fundamental principle is important to biology by watching a video, conducting their own research, and discussing ideas with their peers.

The Cell Theory Sharing Book

In this lesson, students will create a picture book about the cell theory to be shared with middle school students who are learning about this topic and to demonstrate the relationship between the development and the process of science.

Let's Explore the Cell Theory!

Students will explore the cell theory. Over the course of the lesson, students will examine the major parts of the cell theory and learn about the scientists who were involved in its development.

Tracing the Development of the Cell Theory

This lesson will help the students to understand the cell, the cell theory and the scientists who contributed to the development of the cell theory.

The Cell Theory Lesson Plan

The components that make up the Cell Theory will be discussed, and students will show understanding by writing a detailed paragraph in their own words explaining the three components. They will then work in small groups to research historical events leading to the development of the theory by numerous scientist, the dates of their contributions, and explain how each contribution increased the development of the Cell Theory.

Students will then independently report their findings by constructing a colorful detailed timeline. The time line will show the historical events leading to the development of the cell theory in a chronology order. Using their timeline they will revisit the one-paragraph summary of the cell theory and rewrite the paper to explain how the sequence of events leading to the development of the cell theory in a Chronology order demonstrates the true nature of science as we know it today.

Investigating Cell Theory through Observation, Testing, and Modeling

Students will address the three main tenets of cell theory by investigating: (1) "How big is a cell?" (using virtual scaling and compound microscope skills); (2) "What do cells do?" (students will build a model of a cell using craft materials); and (3) "Where do new cells come from?" (interpreting evidence from graphs and making new predictions). This lesson would work well paired with a review on what constitutes a scientific theory and student practice of using compound microscopes.

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Cells, Cells Everywhere!

Learn how to identify explicit evidence and understand implicit meaning in the basic principles of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells. These cells are the smallest and basic unit of life. And finally, cells can only come from other cells.

Perspectives Video: Expert

Name Description
Sorting Cells

Flow Cytometry is a cool technology that can count and sort cells.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Text Resource

Name Description
Animal Cells Can Communicate by Reaching Out and Touching, UCSF Team Discovers

This resource is intended to support reading in the content area. Scientists have discovered that animal cells can communicate by sending out thin tubes of cytoplasm called cytonemes that extend across many cells to reach a cell that will receive the signal, much like neuron communication.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Cells, Cells Everywhere!:

Learn how to identify explicit evidence and understand implicit meaning in the basic principles of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells. These cells are the smallest and basic unit of life. And finally, cells can only come from other cells.



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