Standard 1: Applying Foundational Reading Skills

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General Information
Number: ELA.2.F.1
Title: Applying Foundational Reading Skills
Type: Standard
Subject: English Language Arts (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 2
Strand: Foundational Skills

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks.

Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Access Points

ELA.2.F.1.AP.3a
Decode words with variable vowel teams (e.g., oo, ea, ou) and vowel diphthongs (e.g., oi, oy, ow).
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3b
Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long and short vowels.
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3c
Decode words with open (e.g., hi, baby, moment) and closed (e.g., bag, sunshine, chop) syllables and consonant -le (e.g., purple, circle, stumble).
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3d
Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
ELA.2.F.1.AP.4
Write an expository text about a topic, using a source, providing an introduction and facts.
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3e
Decode words with silent letter combinations (e.g., knight, comb, island, ghost).

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.

Lesson Plans

Fun With Compound Words:

In this lesson, students will learn to identify, create, and determine the meaning of compound words. They will participate in a series of engaging center activities to practice using compound words.

Type: Lesson Plan

Choosing a Host City for the Olympic Games:

In this model eliciting activity, students are asked to help the International Olympic Committee rank prospective host cities for upcoming Summer Olympic Games. Students are provided with data about a list of applicant cities and then must rank the cities and write a proposal to the IOC explaining their rankings. At the end of the MEA, the students will write an opinion piece for the International Olympic Committee that tells their final decision about which city should be the next host of the Summer Olympic Games.

Type: Lesson Plan

Listen Up! Having Fun with Sound Words:

In this lesson, students will be able to recognize and decode the use of sound words in literature. Students will practice these skills through a sound game, creating a word web, and making a sound word flip book.

Type: Lesson Plan

Prefix Lesson:

This lesson is an introduction to using the prefixes re-, pre-, and un-. In this lesson, students work with partners to add common prefixes to words and define the new meaning of the word. Students will create a digital presentation showcasing examples of the prefixes in use in sentences.

Type: Lesson Plan

Colorful Rhymes:

The students will participate in reading the rhyming story The Crayon Box That Talked and help to generate words that rhyme with colors. Then, students will be able to demonstrate their understanding of rhyming words by completing a sorting activity.

Type: Lesson Plan

I See the Tree – Vowel Team /ee/:

In this lesson, students will decode words with the vowel team /ee/. The students will develop a class-made /ee/ tree in which the students will increase their vocabulary with a variety of /ee/ words and students will create a narrative using words with the vowel team /ee/.

Type: Lesson Plan

Digging Deep for Dino Details and Discussion:

In this unit, students will read appropriately leveled informational text on dinosaurs and identify the relevant details of the text. The students will create a detail web using evidence from the text and will then write an expository paper about their choice of dinosaur. The students will also participate in a guided class discussion. The students will practice the guidelines and procedures for successful discussion and will also practice how to come prepared for discussion by providing supporting information from texts that have been read.

Type: Lesson Plan

Ants in Your Pants! - Part 2:

In this lesson, students will learn how to find the central idea of the passage, Ants in Action. Students will also discuss what makes a fluent reader and participate in paired reading with a partner.

Type: Lesson Plan

Practicing Fluency with Shel Silverstein:

Your students will be delighted to become immersed into the world of Shel Silverstein’s masterful poems. As students practice fluency and oral presentation, they will also learn how to identify various rhyme schemes and record their favorite poem.

Type: Lesson Plan

Student Center Activities

Fluency: Pick-A-Part:

In this activity, students will quickly identify letter-sounds and word parts in a card game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Syllable Speed Practice:

In this activity, students will quickly read syllables (sorted by syllable types) in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Syllable Sprint:

In this activity, students will quickly read syllables containing varied spelling patterns in a timed activity. NOTE: Additional syllable cards are available in CPALMS' resource .

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Word Part Race:

In this activity, students will quickly read word parts by using a race car slide.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Digraph and Diphthong Dash:

In this activity, students will take turns identifying consonant digraphs, variable vowel teams, and vowel diphthongs in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Listen To Me:

In this activity, students will read and record passages. They will then self-evaluate their recorded reading, focusing on expression, rate, accuracy, and phrasing.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Rapid Read:

In this activity, students will practice reading target words and then read connected text containing these words with a partner.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Poetry Reading:

In this activity, students will read poems with a partner.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Play It Up!:

In this activity, students will rehearse and read text using a reader's theater format.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Read and Read Again:

In this activity, students will time repeated readings and graph words correct per minute.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: I Read, You Read:

In this activity, students will practice reading fluently by reading text with a partner.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: All Together Now:

In this activity, students will read teacher-selected text in unison.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Two To Read:

In this activity, students will reread texts with a partner.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Reading Wiz:

In this activity, students will read texts within teacher-selected computer-based programs.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Listen and Read:

In this activity, students will practice reading fluently by reading along with pre-recorded text.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Chunk It!:

In this activity, students will divide text into meaningful parts and then read it fluently.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Chunky Passages:

In this activity, students will read text which has been divided into a chunked format, then reread it fluently in its original format.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Chunk-A-Lot:

In this activity, students will read text which has been divided into meaningful chunks, then reread it fluently without the slash marks.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Chunk-King:

In this activity, students will read text which has been divided into meaningful phrases by slash marks.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Phrase Progression:

In this activity, students will read phrases that progressively result in sentences.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Phrase Speed Practice:

In this activity, students will quickly read phrases in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Fast Phrases:

In this activity, students will read phrases in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Fluent Phrasing:

In this activity, students will read words that progressively result in sentences.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Word Speed Practice:

In this activity, students will quickly read high frequency words on a practice sheet in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Word Sprint:

In this activity, students will quickly read high-frequency words in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Pass the Word:

In this activity, students will take turns reading high-frequency word cards in a timed activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Affix Zip:

In this activity, students will quickly read affixes by doing timed practices. Included in this resource are syllable cards that extend the activity in CPALMS' resource .

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Word Construction:

In this activity, students will combine base words with affixes and inflections to make new words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Base Word Sort:

In this activity, students will identify word components (base word and affixes) by doing a sort.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Front or Back:

In this activity, students will add affixes to base words to make new words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Affix Hunt:

In this activity, students will identify base words and affixes (prefixes and suffixes).

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Compound Concentration:

In this activity, students will form compound words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Syllable Share:

In this activity, students will make words from syllable cards.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Syllable Trivia:

In this activity, students will identify syllable patterns by playing a game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Parting Words:

In this activity, students will identify and segment base words and inflections.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Covering the Bases:

In this activity, students will identify base words and inflections.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Word Plus:

In this activity, students will identify and write individual words in compound words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Six-Way Syllable Sort:

In this activity, students will sort words by syllable types.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Map and Swoop:

In this activity, students will map graphemes to phonemes and mark syllables within words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Syllables, Words, and Pictures:

In this activity, students will combine syllables to form words by playing a matching game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Sight and Sound Scout:

In this activity, students will match vowel diphthong patterns by playing a board game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Diphthong-O:

In this activity, students will identify vowel diphthongs by playing a bingo-type game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Spell and Sort:

In this activity, students will identify vowel digraphs by completing a spell and sort activity.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Syllable Cut-Ups:

In this activity, students will segment and cut words into syllables.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Syllable Snake:

In this activity, students will count syllables in words by playing a game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Syllable Scoops:

In this activity, students will segment and sort words by the number of syllables.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Say and Spell:

In this activity, students will read and spell high frequency words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Word Concentration:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a memory game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Jumping Words:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a checker game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Map-A-Word:

In this activity, students will orally segment phonemes in words and write the corresponding letters in Elkonin boxes.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Roll and Read:

In this activity, students will read words with different spelling patterns while playing a board game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Vowel Digraph Baseball:

In this activity, students will identify vowel digraphs in words by playing a baseball board game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Fishing for Vowel Digraphs:

In this activity, students will identify and match vowel digraphs by playing a card game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Same but Different:

In this activity, students will identify and sort different spelling patterns for long vowels.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Word Crazy:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words by playing a card game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: Change My Word:

In this activity, students will segment the onset and rimes of words represented on picture cards. They will then identify the blends, digraphs, and vowel teams that represent each part.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Sound Changes:

In this activity, students will substitute specific sounds in words to create new words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Word Change:

In this activity, students will delete the second phoneme in an initial blend and select the picture that represents the new word.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Swap:

In this activity, students will decide which phoneme has been changed by comparing two pictures.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Position Sort:

In this activity, students will sort pictures based on the location (initial, medial, final) of phoneme substitution.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Make It, Find It, Keep It:

In this activity, students will delete initial phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word. In an extension activity, students can segment and count the phonemes in each word and sort by the number of phonemes.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Pie:

In this activity, students will delete final phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: What's Left?:

In this activity, students will delete initial phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Break and Make:

In this activity, students will segment and blend phonemes to make words by playing a picture card game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Split and Say:

In this activity, students will segment and blend phonemes in words using Elkonin boxes.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Challenge:

In this activity, students will segment phonemes in words by playing a counting game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: The Phoneme Game:

In this activity, students will segment and count phonemes in words while playing a board game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Counting Sort:

In this activity, students will segment and count phonemes in words and sort by number.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: What's My Word?:

In this activity, students will blend phonemes in words and select the corresponding picture.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Quest:

In this activity, students will isolate initial, medial, and final phonemes by comparing pictures.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Find:

In this activity, students will isolate final phonemes by listening to words and choosing pictures with the same ending sound.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Bag-of-Sounds:

In this activity, students will identify initial phonemes in words represented by objects. As an extension, students may also identify the medial and final phonemes.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Vowel Picture Sort:

In this activity, students will sort pictures based on vowel sounds (long and short).

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Medial Match:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes by playing a card game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Medial Phoneme Dominoes:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes by playing dominoes.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonemic Awareness: Match Maker:

In this activity, students will identify initial phonemes to match picture cards.

Type: Student Center Activity

Fluency: Word Family Zoom:

In this activity, students will quickly read words in the same word family by doing timed practices.

Type: Student Center Activity

Phonics: How Many Words?:

In this activity, students will make words using letter tiles containing digraphs and vowel pairs.

Type: Student Center Activity

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Parent Resources

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