Standard 1 : Applying Foundational Reading Skills



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General Information

Number: ELA.2.F.1
Title: Applying Foundational Reading Skills
Type: Standard
Subject: English Language Arts (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 2
Strand: Foundational Skills

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks
Code Description
ELA.2.F.1.3: Use knowledge of grade-appropriate phonics and word-analysis skills to decode words.
  1. Decode words with variable vowel teams (e.g., oo, ea, ou) and vowel diphthongs (e.g., oi, oy, ow).
  2. Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long and short vowels.
  3. Decode words with open (e.g., hi, baby, moment) and closed (e.g., bag, sunshine, chop) syllables and consonant -le (e.g., purple, circle, stumble).
  4. Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
  5. Decode words with silent letter combinations (e.g., knight, comb, island, ghost).

 

Clarifications:

Clarification 1: Phonics refers to the relationship between graphemes (letters or letter combinations) and phonemes (speech sounds). 

Clarification 2: Students will decode decodable high frequency words appropriate to the grade level. See 2.F.1.4 and Dolch and Fry word lists. Students will read grade-level appropriate high frequency words, decodable or not, with automaticity.

ELA.2.F.1.4: Read grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate prosody or expression.
Clarifications:
Clarification 1: See Dolch and Fry word lists.

Clarification 2: Many of the high frequency words at this grade level are either irregularly spelled and therefore not decodable or are temporarily irregular, meaning that students have not yet learned the phonics rule that would enable them to decode the word. Those words that are decodable should be introduced to students using appropriate phonics rules. See 2.F.1.3. Students will read grade-level appropriate high frequency words, decodable or not, with automaticity.

Clarification 3: See Fluency Norms for grade-level norms. Norms are expressed as words correct per minute (WCPM), a measure that combines accuracy with rate.

Clarification 4: Appropriate prosody refers to pausing patterns during oral reading that reflect the punctuation and meaning of a text. See Sample Oral Reading Fluency Rubrics for prosody.

Clarification 5: Grade-level texts, for the purposes of fluency, are those within the grade band on quantitative text complexity measures and appropriate in content and qualitative measures.



Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3a: Decode words with variable vowel teams (e.g., oo, ea, ou) and vowel diphthongs (e.g., oi, oy, ow).
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3b: Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long and short vowels.
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3c: Decode words with open (e.g., hi, baby, moment) and closed (e.g., bag, sunshine, chop) syllables and consonant -le (e.g., purple, circle, stumble).
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3d: Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
ELA.2.F.1.AP.4: Write an expository text about a topic, using a source, providing an introduction and facts.
ELA.2.F.1.AP.3e: Decode words with silent letter combinations (e.g., knight, comb, island, ghost).


Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Fun With Compound Words:

In this lesson, students will learn to identify, create, and determine the meaning of compound words. They will participate in a series of engaging center activities to practice using compound words.

Choosing a Host City for the Olympic Games:

In this model eliciting activity, students are asked to help the International Olympic Committee rank prospective host cities for upcoming Summer Olympic Games. Students are provided with data about a list of applicant cities and then must rank the cities and write a proposal to the IOC explaining their rankings. At the end of the MEA, the students will write an opinion piece for the International Olympic Committee that tells their final decision about which city should be the next host of the Summer Olympic Games.

Listen Up! Having Fun with Sound Words:

In this lesson, students will be able to recognize and decode the use of sound words in literature. Students will practice these skills through a sound game, creating a word web, and making a sound word flip book.

Prefix Lesson:

This lesson is an introduction to using the prefixes re-, pre-, and un-. In this lesson, students work with partners to add common prefixes to words and define the new meaning of the word. Students will create a digital presentation showcasing examples of the prefixes in use in sentences.

Colorful Rhymes:

The students will participate in reading the rhyming story The Crayon Box That Talked and help to generate words that rhyme with colors. Then, students will be able to demonstrate their understanding of rhyming words by completing a sorting activity.

I See the Tree – Vowel Team /ee/:

In this lesson, students will decode words with the vowel team /ee/. The students will develop a class-made /ee/ tree in which the students will increase their vocabulary with a variety of /ee/ words and students will create a narrative using words with the vowel team /ee/.

Digging Deep for Dino Details and Discussion:

In this unit, students will read appropriately leveled informational text on dinosaurs and identify the relevant details of the text. The students will create a detail web using evidence from the text and will then write an expository paper about their choice of dinosaur. The students will also participate in a guided class discussion. The students will practice the guidelines and procedures for successful discussion and will also practice how to come prepared for discussion by providing supporting information from texts that have been read.

Ants in Your Pants! - Part 2:

In this lesson, students will learn how to find the central idea of the passage, Ants in Action. Students will also discuss what makes a fluent reader and participate in paired reading with a partner.

Practicing Fluency with Shel Silverstein:

Your students will be delighted to become immersed into the world of Shel Silverstein’s masterful poems. As students practice fluency and oral presentation, they will also learn how to identify various rhyme schemes and record their favorite poem.

Student Center Activities

Name Description
Fluency: Pick-A-Part:

In this activity, students will quickly identify letter-sounds and word parts in a card game.

Fluency: Syllable Speed Practice:

In this activity, students will quickly read syllables (sorted by syllable types) in a timed activity.

Fluency: Syllable Sprint:

In this activity, students will quickly read syllables containing varied spelling patterns in a timed activity. NOTE: Additional syllable cards are available in CPALMS' resource .

Fluency: Word Part Race:

In this activity, students will quickly read word parts by using a race car slide.

Fluency: Digraph and Diphthong Dash:

In this activity, students will take turns identifying consonant digraphs, variable vowel teams, and vowel diphthongs in a timed activity.

Fluency: Listen To Me:

In this activity, students will read and record passages. They will then self-evaluate their recorded reading, focusing on expression, rate, accuracy, and phrasing.

Fluency: Rapid Read:

In this activity, students will practice reading target words and then read connected text containing these words with a partner.

Fluency: Poetry Reading:

In this activity, students will read poems with a partner.

Fluency: Play It Up!:

In this activity, students will rehearse and read text using a reader's theater format.

Fluency: Read and Read Again:

In this activity, students will time repeated readings and graph words correct per minute.

Fluency: I Read, You Read:

In this activity, students will practice reading fluently by reading text with a partner.

Fluency: All Together Now:

In this activity, students will read teacher-selected text in unison.

Fluency: Two To Read:

In this activity, students will reread texts with a partner.

Fluency: Reading Wiz:

In this activity, students will read texts within teacher-selected computer-based programs.

Fluency: Listen and Read:

In this activity, students will practice reading fluently by reading along with pre-recorded text.

Fluency: Chunk It!:

In this activity, students will divide text into meaningful parts and then read it fluently.

Fluency: Chunky Passages:

In this activity, students will read text which has been divided into a chunked format, then reread it fluently in its original format.

Fluency: Chunk-A-Lot:

In this activity, students will read text which has been divided into meaningful chunks, then reread it fluently without the slash marks.

Fluency: Chunk-King:

In this activity, students will read text which has been divided into meaningful phrases by slash marks.

Fluency: Phrase Progression:

In this activity, students will read phrases that progressively result in sentences.

Fluency: Phrase Speed Practice:

In this activity, students will quickly read phrases in a timed activity.

Fluency: Fast Phrases:

In this activity, students will read phrases in a timed activity.

Fluency: Fluent Phrasing:

In this activity, students will read words that progressively result in sentences.

Fluency: Word Speed Practice:

In this activity, students will quickly read high frequency words on a practice sheet in a timed activity.

Fluency: Word Sprint:

In this activity, students will quickly read high-frequency words in a timed activity.

Fluency: Pass the Word:

In this activity, students will take turns reading high-frequency word cards in a timed activity.

Fluency: Affix Zip:

In this activity, students will quickly read affixes by doing timed practices. Included in this resource are syllable cards that extend the activity in CPALMS' resource .

Phonics: Word Construction:

In this activity, students will combine base words with affixes and inflections to make new words.

Phonics: Base Word Sort:

In this activity, students will identify word components (base word and affixes) by doing a sort.

Phonics: Front or Back:

In this activity, students will add affixes to base words to make new words.

Phonics: Affix Hunt:

In this activity, students will identify base words and affixes (prefixes and suffixes).

Phonics: Compound Concentration:

In this activity, students will form compound words.

Phonics: Syllable Share:

In this activity, students will make words from syllable cards.

Phonics: Syllable Trivia:

In this activity, students will identify syllable patterns by playing a game.

Phonics: Parting Words:

In this activity, students will identify and segment base words and inflections.

Phonics: Covering the Bases:

In this activity, students will identify base words and inflections.

Phonics: Word Plus:

In this activity, students will identify and write individual words in compound words.

Phonics: Six-Way Syllable Sort:

In this activity, students will sort words by syllable types.

Phonics: Map and Swoop:

In this activity, students will map graphemes to phonemes and mark syllables within words.

Phonics: Syllables, Words, and Pictures:

In this activity, students will combine syllables to form words by playing a matching game.

Phonics: Sight and Sound Scout:

In this activity, students will match vowel diphthong patterns by playing a board game.

Phonics: Diphthong-O:

In this activity, students will identify vowel diphthongs by playing a bingo-type game.

Phonics: Spell and Sort:

In this activity, students will identify vowel digraphs by completing a spell and sort activity.

Phonics: Syllable Cut-Ups:

In this activity, students will segment and cut words into syllables.

Phonics: Syllable Snake:

In this activity, students will count syllables in words by playing a game.

Phonics: Syllable Scoops:

In this activity, students will segment and sort words by the number of syllables.

Phonics: Say and Spell:

In this activity, students will read and spell high frequency words.

Phonics: Word Concentration:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a memory game.

Phonics: Jumping Words:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a checker game.

Phonics: Map-A-Word:

In this activity, students will orally segment phonemes in words and write the corresponding letters in Elkonin boxes.

Phonics: Roll and Read:

In this activity, students will read words with different spelling patterns while playing a board game.

Phonics: Vowel Digraph Baseball:

In this activity, students will identify vowel digraphs in words by playing a baseball board game.

Phonics: Fishing for Vowel Digraphs:

In this activity, students will identify and match vowel digraphs by playing a card game.

Phonics: Same but Different:

In this activity, students will identify and sort different spelling patterns for long vowels.

Phonics: Word Crazy:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words by playing a card game.

Phonics: Change My Word:

In this activity, students will segment the onset and rimes of words represented on picture cards. They will then identify the blends, digraphs, and vowel teams that represent each part.

Phonemic Awareness: Sound Changes:

In this activity, students will substitute specific sounds in words to create new words.

Phonemic Awareness: Word Change:

In this activity, students will delete the second phoneme in an initial blend and select the picture that represents the new word.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Swap:

In this activity, students will decide which phoneme has been changed by comparing two pictures.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Position Sort:

In this activity, students will sort pictures based on the location (initial, medial, final) of phoneme substitution.

Phonemic Awareness: Make It, Find It, Keep It:

In this activity, students will delete initial phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word. In an extension activity, students can segment and count the phonemes in each word and sort by the number of phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Pie:

In this activity, students will delete final phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word.

Phonemic Awareness: What's Left?:

In this activity, students will delete initial phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word.

Phonemic Awareness: Break and Make:

In this activity, students will segment and blend phonemes to make words by playing a picture card game.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Split and Say:

In this activity, students will segment and blend phonemes in words using Elkonin boxes.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Challenge:

In this activity, students will segment phonemes in words by playing a counting game.

Phonemic Awareness: The Phoneme Game:

In this activity, students will segment and count phonemes in words while playing a board game.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Counting Sort:

In this activity, students will segment and count phonemes in words and sort by number.

Phonemic Awareness: What's My Word?:

In this activity, students will blend phonemes in words and select the corresponding picture.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Quest:

In this activity, students will isolate initial, medial, and final phonemes by comparing pictures.

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Find:

In this activity, students will isolate final phonemes by listening to words and choosing pictures with the same ending sound.

Phonemic Awareness: Bag-of-Sounds:

In this activity, students will identify initial phonemes in words represented by objects. As an extension, students may also identify the medial and final phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness: Vowel Picture Sort:

In this activity, students will sort pictures based on vowel sounds (long and short).

Phonemic Awareness: Medial Match:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes by playing a card game.

Phonemic Awareness: Medial Phoneme Dominoes:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes by playing dominoes.

Phonemic Awareness: Match Maker:

In this activity, students will identify initial phonemes to match picture cards.

Fluency: Word Family Zoom:

In this activity, students will quickly read words in the same word family by doing timed practices.

Phonics: How Many Words?:

In this activity, students will make words using letter tiles containing digraphs and vowel pairs.