MA.3.A.4.1Archived Standard

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Create, analyze, and represent patterns and relationships using words, variables, tables, and graphs.

Remarks

Example: Look at the pattern below. Tell in your own words what shape is missing. Explain.



A possible answer would be a seven sided regular polygon because the number of side is increasing by one from left to right. Another possible answer is some polygon with pointy top because the pattern in the top of the shapes is pointy, flat, pointy, flat,...
Example: In the sequence of shapes below, the triangle is shape 1 and the square is shape 2. How many sides would the 10th shape have? How do you know?

 

 

General Information
Subject Area: X-Mathematics (former standards - 2008)
Grade: 3
Body of Knowledge: Algebra
Idea: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning
Supporting Idea: Algebra - Algebra
Date Adopted or Revised: 09/07
Content Complexity Rating: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 06/07
Status: State Board Approved - Archived
Assessed: Yes
Test Item Specifications
  • Item Type(s): This benchmark may be assessed using: MC item(s)

  • Clarification :
    Students may extend numeric or graphic patterns beyond the next step, or find one or more missing elements in a numeric or graphic pattern. 

    Students will identify the rule for a pattern or the relationship between numbers.

  • Content Limits :
    Items may use numeric patterns, graphic patterns, function tables, or graphs (bar graphs, pictographs, or line plots only).

    Numeric patterns should be shown with three or more elements.

    Graphic patterns should be shown with at least three examples of the pattern repeated.

    Students should not be asked to extend the pattern more than three steps beyond what is given or to provide more than three missing elements.

    Items will not include extending the pattern on a bar graph or pictograph.

    Rules for numeric patterns and relationships shown in function tables must include only one operation limited to addition, subtraction, or multiplication. When the operation of multiplication is used, the rule is limited to the multiplication facts of 0 × 0 through 9 × 9.

    Function rules or relationships may be described using words, tables, graphs, or expressions using variables or geometric shapes (e.g., n, Δ, ); however, the intent of the benchmark is not to assess solving equations.
  • Stimulus Attributes :
    Items may be set in either a real-world or mathematical context.

    Graphics may be used in some of these items, as appropriate.
  • Response Attributes :
    Responses that are function rules may be described using words or mathematical expressions with variables or geometric shapes (e.g., n, Δ).
Sample Test Items (1)
  • Test Item #: Sample Item 1
  • Question: Allison is making lemonade for a party. The table below shows the number of lemons she will need to make several pitchers of lemonade.


    LEMONS NEEDED FOR LEMONADE

    Number of Pitchers
    Number of Lemons
    2
    10
    5
    25
    8
    40
    9
    ?

    According to the relationship shown in the table, how many lemons will Allison need to make 9 pitchers of lemonade?
  • Difficulty: N/A
  • Type: MC: Multiple Choice

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Educational Software / Tools

Free Graph Paper:

A variety of graph paper types for printing, including Cartesian, polar, engineering, isometric, logarithmic, hexagonal, probability, and Smith chart.

Type: Educational Software / Tool

Hundreds Chart:

A printable hundreds chart featuring a 10x10 table numbered 1 to 100. (found on Illuminations website under "Trading for Quarters")

Type: Educational Software / Tool

Lesson Plan

The Power of Patterns:

Students will work a real world problem to discover similarities and differences between the patterns of adding 2 to a number and doubling a number. The problem is set in the real world context of twin brothers who choose different patterning strategies given by their grandma to save for buying a car.

Type: Lesson Plan

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Educational Software / Tool

Hundreds Chart:

A printable hundreds chart featuring a 10x10 table numbered 1 to 100. (found on Illuminations website under "Trading for Quarters")

Type: Educational Software / Tool

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Educational Software / Tool

Hundreds Chart:

A printable hundreds chart featuring a 10x10 table numbered 1 to 100. (found on Illuminations website under "Trading for Quarters")

Type: Educational Software / Tool