Standard #: MAFS.912.G-MG.1.1 (Archived Standard)


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Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).


General Information

Subject Area: Mathematics
Grade: 912
Domain-Subdomain: Geometry: Modeling with Geometry
Cluster: Level 1: Recall
Cluster: Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations. (Geometry - Major Cluster) -

Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/14
Content Complexity Rating: Level 1: Recall - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived
Assessed: Yes

Test Item Specifications

    N/A

    Assessment Limits :
    Items may require the student to use knowledge of other Geometry
    standards.

    Items may include composite figures.

    Items must not also assess G-GMD.1.3 or G-MG.1.3.

    Calculator :

    Neutral

    Clarification :
    Students will use geometric shapes to describe objects found in the
    real world.

    Students will use measures of geometric shapes to find the area,
    volume, surface area, perimeter, or circumference of a shape found
    in the real world.

    Students will apply properties of geometric shapes to solve real-world
    problems. 

    Stimulus Attributes :
    Items must be set in a real-world context.
    Response Attributes :
    Items may require the student to use or choose the correct unit of
    measure.

    Items may require the student to apply the basic modeling cycle.



Sample Test Items (1)

Test Item # Question Difficulty Type
Sample Item 1

Match each building with the geometric shapes that can be used to model it.

N/A MI: Matching Item


Related Courses

Course Number1111 Course Title222
1200400: Foundational Skills in Mathematics 9-12 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1206300: Informal Geometry (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
1206310: Geometry (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1206320: Geometry Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
0104410: Figure Drawing (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7912060: Access Informal Geometry (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015 (course terminated))
7912070: Access Mathematics for Liberal Arts (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
1206315: Geometry for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
0102340: Art Collaboration: Designing Solutions for Art, Work, and Life Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1207300: Liberal Arts Mathematics 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
7912065: Access Geometry (Specifically in versions: 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))


Related Resources

Formative Assessments

Name Description
Size It Up

Students are asked to name geometric solids that could be used to model several objects.

Estimating Volume

Students are asked to model a tree trunk with geometric solids and to use the model to estimate the volume of the tree trunk.

Camping Calculations

Students are asked to find the measure of an angle formed by the support poles of a tent using the properties of geometric shapes.

Estimating Area

Students are asked to select appropriate geometric shapes to model a lake and then use the model to estimate the surface area of the lake.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
NASA Space Shuttle Mission Patches

Students apply geometric measures and methods, art knowledge, contextual information, and utilize clear and coherent writing to analyze NASA space shuttle mission patches from both a mathematical design and visual arts perspective.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Cape Florida Lighthouse: Lore and Calculations

The historic Cape Florida Lighthouse, often described as a conical tower, teems with mathematical applications. This lesson focuses on the change in volume and lateral surface area throughout its storied existence.

Interchangeable Wristwatch Band

Students use measures and properties of rectangular prisms and cylinders to model and rank 3D printable designs of interchangeable wristwatch bands that satisfy physical constraints.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Building Blocks of Geometry

Students will be introduced to the undefinable concepts of points, lines, and planes that are the building blocks of geometry and recognize that these three terms become the basis for many other geometric definitions. Students will participate in a Building Block Scavenger Hunt, using cameras to photograph examples of specified terms that they find outside of the math classroom. The students will compose a power point to display their photographs of the required terms.
This lesson is adapted from a presentation that included an activity by Dianne Olix, 1995.

Modeling: Rolling Cups

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to choose appropriate mathematics to solve a non-routine problem, generate useful data by systematically controlling variables and develop experimental and analytical models of a physical situation.

A Pi-ece of Florida History

A Pi-ece of Florida History discovers significant dates in Florida History in the first 8 digits after the decimal of the number Pi. Historical people associated with those dates are identified and described. Students then use body measurements to approximate volume.

Quadrilaterals using Unit Origami - Sonobe Cube

This lesson can be used as an introduction - unit attention grabber- or as a final review on quadrilaterals. As the class forms a Sonobe cube, the different quadrilaterals are formed with each new fold. Included is a Power Point introduction with instructions, a video I made demonstrating how to fold the unit origami design, a video of my lesson I use as a middle or high school introduction to quadrilaterals and 2 worksheets which accompany the lesson. I enjoy doing this activity each year and am amazed at all the prior knowledge the students have retained as the lesson proceeds.

Turning Tires Model Eliciting Activity

The Turning Tires MEA provides students with an engineering problem in which they must work as a team to design a procedure to select the best tire material for certain situations. The main focus of the MEA is applying surface area concepts and algebra through modeling.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

A Pi-ece of Florida History

A Pi-ece of Florida History discovers significant dates in Florida History in the first 8 digits after the decimal of the number Pi. Historical people associated with those dates are identified and described. Students then use body measurements to approximate volume.

Quadrilaterals using Unit Origami - Sonobe Cube

This lesson can be used as an introduction - unit attention grabber- or as a final review on quadrilaterals. As the class forms a Sonobe cube, the different quadrilaterals are formed with each new fold. Included is a Power Point introduction with instructions, a video I made demonstrating how to fold the unit origami design, a video of my introduction lesson  to quadrilaterals and 2 worksheets which accompany the lesson. I enjoy doing this activity each year and am amazed at all the prior knowledge the students have retained as the lesson proceeds.

Perspectives Video: Experts

Name Description
Implications of the Spherical Earth

To understand atmospheric and oceanic currents, one needs a well-rounded understanding of geometry and the shape of the Earth.

Mathematical Patterns and Folds in the Brain

A bio-mathematician discusses the folds and the structure of the brain and how they relate to math.

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiasts

Name Description
The Relationship between Wing Shape and Flight Performance

Ken Blackburn, an aerospace engineer for the United States Air Force, describes the relationship between wing shape and flight performance. 

3D Modeling with 3D Shapes

Complex 3D shapes are often created using simple 3D primitives! Tune in and shape up as you learn about this application of geometry!

Bacteriophage Geometry and Structure

Viruses aren't alive but they still need to stay in shape! Learn more about the geometric forms of bacteriophages!

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
Toilet Roll

The purpose of this task is to engage students in geometric modeling, and in particular to deduce algebraic relationships between variables stemming from geometric constraints.

Coins in a circular pattern

Using a chart of diameters of different denominations of coins, students are asked to figure out how many coins fit around a central coin. (For this task, United States coins are used, but the task can be adapted for coins from other countries.)

The Lighthouse Problem

This problem asks students to model phenomena on the surface of the earth by examining the visibility of the lamp in a lighthouse from a boat.

Solar Eclipse

This problem solving task encourages students to explore why solar eclipses are rare by examining the radius of the sun and the furthest distance between the moon and the earth.

Seven Circles III

This provides an opportunity to model a concrete situation with mathematics. Once a representative picture of the situation described in the problem is drawn (the teacher may provide guidance here as necessary), the solution of the task requires an understanding of the definition of the sine function.

Running around a track II

The goal of this task is to model a familiar object, an Olympic track, using geometric shapes. Calculations of perimeters of these shapes explain the staggered start of runners in a 400 meter race.

Running around a track I

In this problem, geometry is applied to a 400 meter track to find the perimeter of the track.

How thick is a soda can? (Variation II)

This problem solving task asks students to explain which measurements are needed to estimate the thickness of a soda can. Multiple solution processes are presented.

How thick is a soda can? (Variation I)

This problem solving task challenges students to find the surface area of a soda can, calculate how many cubic centimeters of aluminum it contains, and estimate how thick it is.

How many leaves on a tree? (Version 2)

This is a mathematical modeling task aimed at making a reasonable estimate for something which is too large to count accurately, the number of leaves on a tree.

How many leaves on a tree?

This is a mathematical modeling task aimed at making a reasonable estimate for something which is too large to count accurately, the number of leaves on a tree.

How many cells are in the human body?

This problem solving task challenges students to apply the concepts of mass, volume, and density in the real-world context to find how many cells are in the human body.

Hexagonal pattern of beehives

The goal of this task is to use geometry to study the structure of beehives.

Global Positioning System II

Reflective of the modernness of the technology involved, this is a challenging geometric modeling task in which students discover from scratch the geometric principles underlying the software used by GPS systems.

Use Cavalieri’s Principle to Compare Aquarium Volumes

This task presents a context that leads students toward discovery of the formula for calculating the volume of a sphere.

Tennis Balls in a Can

This task is inspired by the derivation of the volume formula for the sphere. If a sphere of radius 1 is enclosed in a cylinder of radius 1 and height 2, then the volume not occupied by the sphere is equal to the volume of a "double-naped cone" with vertex at the center of the sphere and bases equal to the bases of the cylinder

Regular Tessellations of the Plane

This task examines the ways in which the plane can be covered by regular polygons in a very strict arrangement called a regular tessellation. These tessellations are studied here using algebra, which enters the picture via the formula for the measure of the interior angles of a regular polygon (which should therefore be introduced or reviewed before beginning the task). The goal of the task is to use algebra in order to understand which tessellations of the plane with regular polygons are possible.

Text Resource

Name Description
Math for Hungry Birds

This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. A new study indicates that the flying patterns of hunting albatrosses may resemble mathematical designs called fractals. This article describes the basics of fractals and why scientists think the albatross may hunt in such patterns. As it turns out, many animals may use math to find food!

Student Resources

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
Toilet Roll:

The purpose of this task is to engage students in geometric modeling, and in particular to deduce algebraic relationships between variables stemming from geometric constraints.

Coins in a circular pattern:

Using a chart of diameters of different denominations of coins, students are asked to figure out how many coins fit around a central coin. (For this task, United States coins are used, but the task can be adapted for coins from other countries.)

The Lighthouse Problem:

This problem asks students to model phenomena on the surface of the earth by examining the visibility of the lamp in a lighthouse from a boat.

Solar Eclipse:

This problem solving task encourages students to explore why solar eclipses are rare by examining the radius of the sun and the furthest distance between the moon and the earth.

Running around a track II:

The goal of this task is to model a familiar object, an Olympic track, using geometric shapes. Calculations of perimeters of these shapes explain the staggered start of runners in a 400 meter race.

Running around a track I:

In this problem, geometry is applied to a 400 meter track to find the perimeter of the track.

How thick is a soda can? (Variation II):

This problem solving task asks students to explain which measurements are needed to estimate the thickness of a soda can. Multiple solution processes are presented.

How thick is a soda can? (Variation I):

This problem solving task challenges students to find the surface area of a soda can, calculate how many cubic centimeters of aluminum it contains, and estimate how thick it is.

How many leaves on a tree? (Version 2):

This is a mathematical modeling task aimed at making a reasonable estimate for something which is too large to count accurately, the number of leaves on a tree.

How many leaves on a tree?:

This is a mathematical modeling task aimed at making a reasonable estimate for something which is too large to count accurately, the number of leaves on a tree.

How many cells are in the human body?:

This problem solving task challenges students to apply the concepts of mass, volume, and density in the real-world context to find how many cells are in the human body.

Hexagonal pattern of beehives:

The goal of this task is to use geometry to study the structure of beehives.

Global Positioning System II:

Reflective of the modernness of the technology involved, this is a challenging geometric modeling task in which students discover from scratch the geometric principles underlying the software used by GPS systems.

Use Cavalieri’s Principle to Compare Aquarium Volumes:

This task presents a context that leads students toward discovery of the formula for calculating the volume of a sphere.

Tennis Balls in a Can:

This task is inspired by the derivation of the volume formula for the sphere. If a sphere of radius 1 is enclosed in a cylinder of radius 1 and height 2, then the volume not occupied by the sphere is equal to the volume of a "double-naped cone" with vertex at the center of the sphere and bases equal to the bases of the cylinder

Regular Tessellations of the Plane:

This task examines the ways in which the plane can be covered by regular polygons in a very strict arrangement called a regular tessellation. These tessellations are studied here using algebra, which enters the picture via the formula for the measure of the interior angles of a regular polygon (which should therefore be introduced or reviewed before beginning the task). The goal of the task is to use algebra in order to understand which tessellations of the plane with regular polygons are possible.



Parent Resources

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
Toilet Roll:

The purpose of this task is to engage students in geometric modeling, and in particular to deduce algebraic relationships between variables stemming from geometric constraints.

Coins in a circular pattern:

Using a chart of diameters of different denominations of coins, students are asked to figure out how many coins fit around a central coin. (For this task, United States coins are used, but the task can be adapted for coins from other countries.)

The Lighthouse Problem:

This problem asks students to model phenomena on the surface of the earth by examining the visibility of the lamp in a lighthouse from a boat.

Solar Eclipse:

This problem solving task encourages students to explore why solar eclipses are rare by examining the radius of the sun and the furthest distance between the moon and the earth.

Running around a track II:

The goal of this task is to model a familiar object, an Olympic track, using geometric shapes. Calculations of perimeters of these shapes explain the staggered start of runners in a 400 meter race.

Running around a track I:

In this problem, geometry is applied to a 400 meter track to find the perimeter of the track.

How thick is a soda can? (Variation II):

This problem solving task asks students to explain which measurements are needed to estimate the thickness of a soda can. Multiple solution processes are presented.

How thick is a soda can? (Variation I):

This problem solving task challenges students to find the surface area of a soda can, calculate how many cubic centimeters of aluminum it contains, and estimate how thick it is.

How many leaves on a tree? (Version 2):

This is a mathematical modeling task aimed at making a reasonable estimate for something which is too large to count accurately, the number of leaves on a tree.

How many leaves on a tree?:

This is a mathematical modeling task aimed at making a reasonable estimate for something which is too large to count accurately, the number of leaves on a tree.

How many cells are in the human body?:

This problem solving task challenges students to apply the concepts of mass, volume, and density in the real-world context to find how many cells are in the human body.

Hexagonal pattern of beehives:

The goal of this task is to use geometry to study the structure of beehives.

Global Positioning System II:

Reflective of the modernness of the technology involved, this is a challenging geometric modeling task in which students discover from scratch the geometric principles underlying the software used by GPS systems.

Use Cavalieri’s Principle to Compare Aquarium Volumes:

This task presents a context that leads students toward discovery of the formula for calculating the volume of a sphere.

Tennis Balls in a Can:

This task is inspired by the derivation of the volume formula for the sphere. If a sphere of radius 1 is enclosed in a cylinder of radius 1 and height 2, then the volume not occupied by the sphere is equal to the volume of a "double-naped cone" with vertex at the center of the sphere and bases equal to the bases of the cylinder

Regular Tessellations of the Plane:

This task examines the ways in which the plane can be covered by regular polygons in a very strict arrangement called a regular tessellation. These tessellations are studied here using algebra, which enters the picture via the formula for the measure of the interior angles of a regular polygon (which should therefore be introduced or reviewed before beginning the task). The goal of the task is to use algebra in order to understand which tessellations of the plane with regular polygons are possible.



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