MAFS.2.MD.3.8Archived Standard

Solve one- and two-step word problems involving dollar bills (singles, fives, tens, twenties, and hundreds) or coins (quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies) using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately. Word problems may involve addition, subtraction, and equal groups situations1. Example: The cash register shows that the total for your purchase is 59¢. You gave the cashier three quarters. How much change should you receive from the cashier?

  1. Identify the value of coins and paper currency.
  2. Compute the value of any combination of coins within one dollar. 
  3. Compute the value of any combinations of dollars (e.g., If you have three ten-dollar bills, one five-dollar bill, and two one-dollar bills, how much money do you have?).
  4. Relate the value of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters to other coins and to the dollar (e.g., There are five nickels in one quarter. There are two nickels in one dime. There are two and a half dimes in one quarter. There are twenty nickels in one dollar).
(1See glossary Table 1)
General Information
Subject Area: Mathematics
Grade: 2
Domain-Subdomain: Measurement and Data
Cluster: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts
Cluster: Work with time and money. (Supporting Cluster) -

Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/14
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived

Related Courses

This benchmark is part of these courses.
5012040: Mathematics - Grade Two (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
5021040: Social Studies Grade 2 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
7712030: Access Mathematics Grade 2 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
5012005: Foundational Skills in Mathematics K-2 (Specifically in versions: 2019 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Formative Assessments

Trip to the Movies:

Students are asked to solve a multistep word problem involving money.

Type: Formative Assessment

School Store:

Students are asked to solve a two-step word problem involving money in the form of coins.

Type: Formative Assessment

Relating Coins:

Students are asked to relate the values of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters to other coins and to the dollar.

Type: Formative Assessment

Identifying the Values of Coins:

Students are asked to identify various coins by name and to describe the value of each coin in cents.

Type: Formative Assessment

Identifying the Value of Paper Currency:

Students are shown various paper currency and are asked to name each bill and identify its value.

Type: Formative Assessment

Combinations of Coins:

Students are asked to combine the values of coins and write the total value using the cent symbol.

Type: Formative Assessment

Combinations Of Bills:

Students are asked to combine the values of bills and write the total value using the dollar symbol.

Type: Formative Assessment

Fifty Cents Is Your Change:

Students consider two different ways to make fifty cents using quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies.

Type: Formative Assessment

Ninety Nine Cents:

Students consider the correct way to write ninety nine cents.

Type: Formative Assessment

Lesson Plans

Creative Coin Collections:

This lesson is designed to give students additional practice making and computing values of coins using pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters. The lesson can be adjusted to challenge students by requiring them to make as many combinations of a given amount as they can or to make the amounts using as many different coins as they can. They can be asked how to make the amounts given using the least amount of coins. Students can be grouped so that less proficient students can see and hear more proficient students count and calculate coin combinations.

Type: Lesson Plan

Animal Sanctuary Engineering Design Challenge:

This Engineering Design Challenge is a hands-on investigation in both math and science. Students will be able to use prior knowledge and problem solving skills to solve non-routine problems and real-world situations, using mathematical and scientific models. It is a great way to introduce your students to real-world problem solving. Students will be engaged in hands-on learning by designing and creating an enclosure for zoo animals. Both math and science standards have been incorporated for an integrated lesson.

Type: Lesson Plan

Yum Pizza:

Yum Pizza is looking for a better and healthier pizza to sell in stores around town. They are only able to promote one style and need help figuring out which one that should be. Students will practice subtracting dollar amounts and writing a letter explaining their reasoning.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Perils of a Plant: Watering Can - An Engineering Design Challenge:

This Engineering Design Challenge is intended to help students apply the concepts of life cycles from SC.2.L.16.1 (Observe and describe major stages in the life cycles of plants and animals, including beans and butterflies), the understanding that all living things have basic needs from SC.2.L.17.1 (Compare and contrast the basic needs that all living things, including humans, have for survival), a knowledge of habitats from SC.2.L.17.2 (Recognize and explain that living things are found all over Earth, but each is only able to live in habitats that meet its basic needs) and practice working with money (MAFS.2.MD.3.8 solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately) as they build and experiment with containers to meet the water needs of bean plants in all stages of their life cycle. It is not intended as an initial introduction to these concepts.

Type: Lesson Plan

Tadpole Habitat - An Engineering Design Challenge:

This engineering design challenge is intended to help students apply the concepts of life cycles from SC.2.L.16.1 (Observe and describe major stages in the life cycles of plants and animals, including beans and butterflies), the understanding that all living things have basic needs from SC.2.L.17.1 (Compare and contrast the basic needs that all living things, including humans, have for survival), build on their knowledge of habitats, and practice working with money as they build structures to meet the needs of a tadpole. It is not intended as an initial introduction to these concepts.

Type: Lesson Plan

South of the Border with Borreguita: An Engineering Design Challenge:

This is an integrated lesson that includes an Engineering Design Challenge, a study of Mexico using an informational text, and a traditional folktale, Borreguita and the Coyote by Verna Aardema. The Engineering Design Challenge is intended to help students investigate and generate explanations (SC.2.N.1.1) and practice working with money (MAFS.2.MD.3.8) as they design and build flagpoles to display a flag representing story concepts. It is not intended as an initial introduction to these concepts.

Type: Lesson Plan

Show Me the Money:

In this lesson, students will show a variety of coin combinations for a specific amount of money.

Type: Lesson Plan

Money Mania:

This lesson reviews the names and values of coins as well as how to determine the value of combinations of coins.

Type: Lesson Plan

Our School Store:

The focus of this lesson is to devise a plan and justify it in order to choose the best school supply company. Students will use problem-solving skills, data sets presented in a chart, two- and three-digit addition, writing skills, and money skills to determine the best school supply company. Students will also need to check their procedure to determine if it will work when given additional data.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

Better Building Blocks:

Students will help choose the best value of connecting blocks by developing a procedure based on the following criteria: color, ease of use, variety of blocks, and number of blocks per set. They will reassess these blocks during the twist incorporating a new type of block. They will need to calculate the total costs of each set of blocks.

Students may arrange the criteria based on their teams’ interpretation of most important to least important. Students may have to make trade-offs based on these interpretations (i.e., price versus the other criteria in the data sets).

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

Kelly's Jelly:

Students use problem solving skills, data sets presented in a chart, two and three digit addition, writing skills and money skills to determine which brand of jelly beans they would like to purchase. The jelly beans differ in taste, quantity, and cost. The students must then check their procedure to determine if it will work when given an additional piece of data.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Toy Shop:

This is an interactive and collaborative activity where the students will have the opportunity to play the roles of a customer and cashier at a "toy shop". This activity will provide your students with real-world examples involving money while using decimal notation appropriately. This could be a great activity to complete in one day, or throughout the week, depending on your students' needs!

Type: Lesson Plan

Party Anyone:

Students will demonstrate an understanding of solving story problems relating to money by creating their own story problem and answering story problems that were created by their peers. All story problems will be created based on the theme of planning a party and using ads from local businesses.

Type: Lesson Plan

Help Ms. Betty!:

This Model Eliciting Activity is written at a second-grade level. In teams, students will make decisions about how to select the best cookie shop to help Ms. Betty with the purchasing of chocolate chip cookies while still being cost effective for her school.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

Yummy Tummy Baby Food Company:

This Model Eliciting Activity is written at a second-grade level. In teams, students will make decisions about how to select the best baby food based on several characteristics. They will need to calculate the cost to produce two types of baby food.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

Video Game City:

This Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) is written at a 2nd grade level. In this MEA students need to help the owner of Video Game City help his customers decide which gaming system best meets their needs. Students can consider the cost of each gaming system in their rankings. In part 2, students will need to add the cost of each gaming system and accessory.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

Three Billy Goats Gruff Build a Bridge - An Engineering Design Challenge:

This Engineering Design Challenge is intended to help students apply the concepts of force from SC.2.P.13.1 (investigate the effect of applying various pushes and pulls on different objects) as they build bridges to hold the greatest load. It is also intended to help students apply the concepts of money from MAFS.2.MD.3.8 (Solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately) as they strive to construct the most cost effective bridge. It is not intended as an initial introduction to these concepts.

Type: Lesson Plan

Lighthouses and Lenses - An Engineering Design Challenge:

This Engineering Design Challenge is intended to help students apply the concepts of force from SC.2.P.13.1 (investigate the effect of applying various pushes and pulls on different objects), the concept of wind from SC.2.E.7.4 (investigate that air is all around us and that moving air is wind), and practice working with money (MAFS.2.MD.3.8 solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately) as they build structures to withstand the force of high-speed winds. The first day's lesson also provides practice in recognizing and drawing shapes (MAFS.2.G.1.1). It is not intended as an initial introduction to these concepts.

Type: Lesson Plan

A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned... Just Ask Alexander!:

This lesson is a culminating activity to a unit on counting money based on the story "Alexander Who Used to Be Rich Last Sunday". Students work with various amounts of money in cents (up to 1) and dollars (up to 100) and learn to understand the differences between wants and needs.

Type: Lesson Plan

Coin Combinations: How else can you pay for that?:

In this lesson, students will learn that there can be multiple ways (multiple coin combinations) to reach a given money amount. Using money manipulatives, students will work cooperatively and independently to practice finding different coin combinations for a given money amount. Students will also become comfortable knowing that there are multiple ways to reach a correct answer.

Type: Lesson Plan

Coupon Clippers:

In this lesson, students will demonstrate their knowledge of coins by showing more than one way to represent a manufacturer's coupon. and solve a problem using that coupon. The students will respond to the following prompt in their interactive notebook: Why is it important to know more than one way to show an amount? How will it help you in your daily life?

Type: Lesson Plan

Discovering Math: Beginning Measurement:

Demonstrate the basic measures of length, width, height, weight, and temperature by measuring objects and recording the information.

  • Demonstrate how time is measured by recording it to the nearest minute.
  • Count money using coins and bills.

Type: Lesson Plan

Henry and Mudge Meet Leonardo da Vinci:

This is an integrated lesson that includes an Engineering Design Challenge, a review of forces, an introduction to drawbridges, and a literary text Henry and Mudge and The Long Weekend by Cynthia Rylant. The Engineering Design Challenge is intended to help students investigate and generate explanations (SC.2.N.1.1) and practice working with money (MAFS.2.MD.3.8) as they design and build movable drawbridges. It is not intended as an initial introduction to these concepts.

Type: Lesson Plan

Original Student Tutorial

Off to the Bank: Dollar Bills:

Learn the value and characteristics of dollar bills when you meet with a bank teller in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 6 of 6. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.

(Part 1) Let's Talk About Money
(Part 2) Let's Add Money: Using Similar Coins
(Part 3) Let's Add Money: Mixed Coins
(Part 4) Let's Add Money: Place Value
(Part 5) Let's Make a Dollar

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Problem-Solving Tasks

Jamir's Penny Jar:

The purpose of this task is to help students articulate their addition strategies and would be most appropriately used once students have a solid understanding of coin values. This task would be best used in an instructional setting especially since the language is somewhat complex and the teacher might need to help students decode the task statement.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Delayed Gratification:

The purpose of this task is for students to compare two options for a prize where the value of one is given $2 at a time, giving them an opportunity to "work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication." This context also provides students with an introduction to the concept of delayed gratification, or resisting an immediate reward and waiting for a later reward, while working with money.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Saving Money 1:

The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task has students adding two 2-digit numbers that require regrouping and the solution shows a concrete approach to the solution. This problem can be adjusted based on where students are in their understanding of addition involving two-digit numbers.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Visiting the Arcade:

The purpose of this task is to introduce students to the characteristics of money in a financial literacy sense as well as to solve problems involving money.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Susan's Choice:

The purpose of this task is to address the concept of opportunity cost through a real world context involving money. In economics, resources are limited, but our wants are unlimited. Therefore, choices must be made. Every choice involves a cost.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Text Resources

Bibliography: Children's Books Related to Money:

A list of references for 11 children's books related to money.

(found at NCTM's Illuminations site "" under Materials and called "Book of your choice".)

Type: Text Resource

Bibliography of books related to coins and money:

A printable list of 10 children's books with references related to coins and money

Type: Text Resource

STEM Lessons - Model Eliciting Activity

Better Building Blocks:

Students will help choose the best value of connecting blocks by developing a procedure based on the following criteria: color, ease of use, variety of blocks, and number of blocks per set. They will reassess these blocks during the twist incorporating a new type of block. They will need to calculate the total costs of each set of blocks.

Students may arrange the criteria based on their teams’ interpretation of most important to least important. Students may have to make trade-offs based on these interpretations (i.e., price versus the other criteria in the data sets).

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Help Ms. Betty!:

This Model Eliciting Activity is written at a second-grade level. In teams, students will make decisions about how to select the best cookie shop to help Ms. Betty with the purchasing of chocolate chip cookies while still being cost effective for her school.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Kelly's Jelly:

Students use problem solving skills, data sets presented in a chart, two and three digit addition, writing skills and money skills to determine which brand of jelly beans they would like to purchase. The jelly beans differ in taste, quantity, and cost. The students must then check their procedure to determine if it will work when given an additional piece of data.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Our School Store:

The focus of this lesson is to devise a plan and justify it in order to choose the best school supply company. Students will use problem-solving skills, data sets presented in a chart, two- and three-digit addition, writing skills, and money skills to determine the best school supply company. Students will also need to check their procedure to determine if it will work when given additional data.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Video Game City:

This Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) is written at a 2nd grade level. In this MEA students need to help the owner of Video Game City help his customers decide which gaming system best meets their needs. Students can consider the cost of each gaming system in their rankings. In part 2, students will need to add the cost of each gaming system and accessory.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Yum Pizza:

Yum Pizza is looking for a better and healthier pizza to sell in stores around town. They are only able to promote one style and need help figuring out which one that should be. Students will practice subtracting dollar amounts and writing a letter explaining their reasoning.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Yummy Tummy Baby Food Company:

This Model Eliciting Activity is written at a second-grade level. In teams, students will make decisions about how to select the best baby food based on several characteristics. They will need to calculate the cost to produce two types of baby food.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

MFAS Formative Assessments

Combinations Of Bills:

Students are asked to combine the values of bills and write the total value using the dollar symbol.

Combinations of Coins:

Students are asked to combine the values of coins and write the total value using the cent symbol.

Fifty Cents Is Your Change:

Students consider two different ways to make fifty cents using quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies.

Identifying the Value of Paper Currency:

Students are shown various paper currency and are asked to name each bill and identify its value.

Identifying the Values of Coins:

Students are asked to identify various coins by name and to describe the value of each coin in cents.

Ninety Nine Cents:

Students consider the correct way to write ninety nine cents.

Relating Coins:

Students are asked to relate the values of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters to other coins and to the dollar.

School Store:

Students are asked to solve a two-step word problem involving money in the form of coins.

Trip to the Movies:

Students are asked to solve a multistep word problem involving money.

Original Student Tutorials Mathematics - Grades K-5

Off to the Bank: Dollar Bills:

Learn the value and characteristics of dollar bills when you meet with a bank teller in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 6 of 6. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.

(Part 1) Let's Talk About Money
(Part 2) Let's Add Money: Using Similar Coins
(Part 3) Let's Add Money: Mixed Coins
(Part 4) Let's Add Money: Place Value
(Part 5) Let's Make a Dollar

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Original Student Tutorial

Off to the Bank: Dollar Bills:

Learn the value and characteristics of dollar bills when you meet with a bank teller in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 6 of 6. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.

(Part 1) Let's Talk About Money
(Part 2) Let's Add Money: Using Similar Coins
(Part 3) Let's Add Money: Mixed Coins
(Part 4) Let's Add Money: Place Value
(Part 5) Let's Make a Dollar

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Problem-Solving Tasks

Delayed Gratification:

The purpose of this task is for students to compare two options for a prize where the value of one is given $2 at a time, giving them an opportunity to "work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication." This context also provides students with an introduction to the concept of delayed gratification, or resisting an immediate reward and waiting for a later reward, while working with money.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Saving Money 1:

The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task has students adding two 2-digit numbers that require regrouping and the solution shows a concrete approach to the solution. This problem can be adjusted based on where students are in their understanding of addition involving two-digit numbers.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Visiting the Arcade:

The purpose of this task is to introduce students to the characteristics of money in a financial literacy sense as well as to solve problems involving money.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Susan's Choice:

The purpose of this task is to address the concept of opportunity cost through a real world context involving money. In economics, resources are limited, but our wants are unlimited. Therefore, choices must be made. Every choice involves a cost.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Problem-Solving Tasks

Jamir's Penny Jar:

The purpose of this task is to help students articulate their addition strategies and would be most appropriately used once students have a solid understanding of coin values. This task would be best used in an instructional setting especially since the language is somewhat complex and the teacher might need to help students decode the task statement.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Delayed Gratification:

The purpose of this task is for students to compare two options for a prize where the value of one is given $2 at a time, giving them an opportunity to "work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication." This context also provides students with an introduction to the concept of delayed gratification, or resisting an immediate reward and waiting for a later reward, while working with money.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Saving Money 1:

The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task has students adding two 2-digit numbers that require regrouping and the solution shows a concrete approach to the solution. This problem can be adjusted based on where students are in their understanding of addition involving two-digit numbers.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Visiting the Arcade:

The purpose of this task is to introduce students to the characteristics of money in a financial literacy sense as well as to solve problems involving money.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Susan's Choice:

The purpose of this task is to address the concept of opportunity cost through a real world context involving money. In economics, resources are limited, but our wants are unlimited. Therefore, choices must be made. Every choice involves a cost.

Type: Problem-Solving Task