A. DNA stores and transmits genetic information. Genes are sets of instructions encoded in the structure of DNA.
B. Genetic information is passed from generation to generation by DNA in all organisms and accounts for similarities in related individuals.
C. Manipulation of DNA in organisms has led to commercial production of biological molecules on a large scale and genetically modified organisms.
D. Reproduction is characteristic of living things and is essential for the survival of species.
- Clarification :
Students will identify and/or describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system.
Students will describe the process of human development from the zygotic stage to the end of the third trimester and birth.
- Content Limits :
Items referring to the male human reproductive system are limited to the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, vas deferens, urethra, epididymis, scrotum, penis, and testes.
Items referring to the female human reproductive system are limited to the ovaries, oviduct (fallopian tube), uterus, cervix, and vagina.
Items assessing the function of the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac, and amniotic fluid are limited to how these structures relate to the development of the fetus.
Items will not assess physiological or hormonal changes of the mother during pregnancy.
Items assessing the production of hormones in the context of the physiology of the human reproductive system are limited to a conceptual understanding of the production of hormones.
Items will not assess hormonal control during pregnancy.
Items may refer to the early stages of development (implantation, morula, blastocyst, gastrulation, neurulation) but will not assess the definition of these terms.
Items referring to changes in each trimester are limited to normal human development.
Items will not assess specific knowledge of malformations in the human fetus, miscarriages, maternal preexisting conditions, genetic conditions, or the impact of exposure to environmental conditions.
Items will not assess the utilization of technology to assist in or prevent fertilization or monitor development of the fetus.
Items will not address or assess the menstrual cycle.
- Stimulus Attributes :
Illustrations or diagrams may be used. - Response Attributes :
None specified - Prior Knowledge :
Items may require the student to apply scientific knowledge described in the NGSSS from lower grades. This benchmark requires prerequisite knowledge of SC.6.L.14.5.
- Test Item #: Sample Item 1
- Question:
A fertilized egg undergoes several stages before it is successfully implanted. The diagram below shows these stages as the fertilized egg travels through the female human reproductive system.
In which of the following structures of the female human reproductive system is the blastocyst implanted during normal human development?
- Difficulty: N/A
- Type: MC: Multiple Choice
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Original Student Tutorials Science - Grades 9-12
Explore the process of human development leading up to birth, and identify major changes associated with each trimester of pregnancy.
This interactive tutorial is part 2 in a two-part series. Click here to launch .
Explore the genetic advantage of sexual reproduction, describe the basic anatomy and physiology of both the male and female human reproductive systems, describe the process of human development leading up to birth, and identify major changes associated with each trimester of pregnancy.
This interactive tutorial is part 1 in a two-part series. Click here to
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorials
Explore the genetic advantage of sexual reproduction, describe the basic anatomy and physiology of both the male and female human reproductive systems, describe the process of human development leading up to birth, and identify major changes associated with each trimester of pregnancy.
This interactive tutorial is part 1 in a two-part series. Click here to
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Explore the process of human development leading up to birth, and identify major changes associated with each trimester of pregnancy.
This interactive tutorial is part 2 in a two-part series. Click here to launch .
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Tutorials
This Khan Academy video describes what happens to a zygote as it becomes an embyro. It further explains what a stem cell is and discusses why there are questions concerning the use of stem cells.
Type: Tutorial
This tutorial will help you to understand the function of the follicle. Each follicle is a single egg cell surrounded by several layers of follicle cells. An ovary consists of many follicles. The follicle cells protect and nourish the egg prior to its release into the oviducts during ovulation.
Type: Tutorial
Video/Audio/Animation
This video presentation shows how the fetal brain grows during pregnancy, both in terms of its size and the number of neurons.
Type: Video/Audio/Animation