SC.912.L.14.46

Describe the physiology of the digestive system, including mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption and the neural and hormonal mechanisms of control.
General Information
Subject Area: Science
Grade: 912
Body of Knowledge: Life Science
Idea: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts
Standard: Organization and Development of Living Organisms -

A. Cells have characteristic structures and functions that make them distinctive.

B. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and homeostasis.

C. Life can be organized in a functional and structural hierarchy ranging from cells to the biosphere.

D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved

Related Courses

This benchmark is part of these courses.
2000350: Anatomy and Physiology (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
2000360: Anatomy and Physiology Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
2002490: Forensic Sciences 2 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2017, 2017 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Lesson Plan

Digestion...in 3-D!:

This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. In this lesson, students will analyze an informational text that addresses innovative research to aid in the understanding of how the digestive system works. The text describes how the villi in the small intestine work with the contraction of the muscle wall to aid digestion and how a team of researchers are working together to create a 3-D model this process. The lesson plan includes a note-taking guide, text-dependent questions, a writing prompt, answer keys, and a writing rubric. Options to extend the lesson are also included.

Type: Lesson Plan

Text Resource

Gut Reaction: Digestion Revealed in 3-D:

This informational text resource is designed to support reading in the content area. The article describes how villi in the small intestine and muscle contraction work together to digest food and provide nutrients to the body, using the metaphor of coral working with an ocean current to circulate nutrients in the sea. A team of scientists plans to use technology to create 3-D imaging of digestion, and their research is described in the article along with the specific physiology and function of the villi within the digestive tract.

Type: Text Resource

Tutorials

Hydrochloric Acid Production of the Stomach:

This tutorial will help you to understand how digestive tissue can produce a concentrated acid without damage to cells and molecules that are exposed to the acid. Hydrochloric acid production is described in this animation.

This challenging tutorial addresses the concept at a high level of complexity.

Type: Tutorial

Hormones and Gastric Secretion:

This tutorial will help you to understand why the secretion of gastric fluids is controlled both locally and through the central nervous system. This animation describes how gastric secretion is regulated by both the brain and digestive hormones.

Type: Tutorial

Nutrional Value of Food Using a Bomb Calorimeter:

This tutorial will help you to understand how the nutritional value of food can be measured on many different scales. The most basic measurement scale is the free energy content in the food, i.e., how much energy is released when chemical bonds within the food are broken.

Type: Tutorial

The Role of Vitamins in Human Nutrition:

This tutorial will help you to understand the role that vitamins play in human nutrition. Vitamins interact with enzymes to allow them to function more effectively. Though vitamins are not consumed in metabolism, they are vital for the process of metabolism to occur.

This challenging tutorial addresses the concept at a high level of complexity.

Type: Tutorial

Chemical Digestion:

Tissues associated with the stomach produce not only digestive enzymes but also hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid helps to chemically break down the food in the stomach. This tutorial will help you to understand how digestive tissue can produce a concentrated acid without damage to cells and molecules exposed to the acid.

This challenging tutorial addresses the concept at a high level of complexity.

Type: Tutorial

Three Phases of Gastric Secretion:

This tutorial will help students understand how food is digested with the help of different gastric secretions. Gastric juice from glands renders food particles soluble, initiates digestion, and converts the gastric contents to a semiliquid mass called chyme, thus preparing it for futher disgestion in the small intestine.

Type: Tutorial

Organs of Digestion:

This tutorial explores the steps that food takes on its journey through the digestive system. All major digestive organs and the process of nutrient absorption are explained.

Type: Tutorial

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Tutorials

Hydrochloric Acid Production of the Stomach:

This tutorial will help you to understand how digestive tissue can produce a concentrated acid without damage to cells and molecules that are exposed to the acid. Hydrochloric acid production is described in this animation.

This challenging tutorial addresses the concept at a high level of complexity.

Type: Tutorial

Hormones and Gastric Secretion:

This tutorial will help you to understand why the secretion of gastric fluids is controlled both locally and through the central nervous system. This animation describes how gastric secretion is regulated by both the brain and digestive hormones.

Type: Tutorial

Nutrional Value of Food Using a Bomb Calorimeter:

This tutorial will help you to understand how the nutritional value of food can be measured on many different scales. The most basic measurement scale is the free energy content in the food, i.e., how much energy is released when chemical bonds within the food are broken.

Type: Tutorial

The Role of Vitamins in Human Nutrition:

This tutorial will help you to understand the role that vitamins play in human nutrition. Vitamins interact with enzymes to allow them to function more effectively. Though vitamins are not consumed in metabolism, they are vital for the process of metabolism to occur.

This challenging tutorial addresses the concept at a high level of complexity.

Type: Tutorial

Chemical Digestion:

Tissues associated with the stomach produce not only digestive enzymes but also hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid helps to chemically break down the food in the stomach. This tutorial will help you to understand how digestive tissue can produce a concentrated acid without damage to cells and molecules exposed to the acid.

This challenging tutorial addresses the concept at a high level of complexity.

Type: Tutorial

Three Phases of Gastric Secretion:

This tutorial will help students understand how food is digested with the help of different gastric secretions. Gastric juice from glands renders food particles soluble, initiates digestion, and converts the gastric contents to a semiliquid mass called chyme, thus preparing it for futher disgestion in the small intestine.

Type: Tutorial

Organs of Digestion:

This tutorial explores the steps that food takes on its journey through the digestive system. All major digestive organs and the process of nutrient absorption are explained.

Type: Tutorial

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.