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Clarifications
Clarification 1: Within this benchmark, the expectation is not to use decimal values.Clarification 2: Addition and subtraction problems are limited to sums within 100 and related differences. Refer to Situations Involving Operations with Numbers (Appendix A).
Benchmark Instructional Guide
Connecting Benchmarks/Horizontal Alignment
Terms from the K-12 Glossary
- NA
Vertical Alignment
Previous Benchmarks
Next Benchmarks
Purpose and Instructional Strategies
The purpose of this benchmark is to include the use of dollars and cents to add or subtract in real-world problems (MTR.7.1).- It is not the expectation of this benchmark to include combining cents with dollars. Students will explore that concept in grade 4 with the introduction of decimals.
- Instruction includes the use of drawing, manipulatives, and number lines to solve addition or subtraction situations.
- Instruction leads students to focus on context and apply reasoning to determine the appropriate operation.
- Instruction includes the idea that making change is the same as finding a difference.
- Instruction uses the format 45¢ not $0.45.
Common Misconceptions or Errors
- Student may confuse coin or coin collection values that occur within the word problems.
- Students may incorrectly decide to add or when to subtract based on the context of the problem.
- Students may regroup numbers incorrectly or unnecessarily when adding or subtracting.
Strategies to Support Tiered Instruction
- Instruction includes providing a way to organize information about coin and dollar values that can later be used to reference for finding the values of coin and dollar collections that occur in real-world problems.
- Instruction includes modeling the problem with money or other manipulatives.
- For example, students can act out what is happening in the word problem with the money manipulatives to make connections between situations that involve adding or subtracting.
- For example, teacher has objects or images that are “for sale” in the classroom. Items must be in whole dollar amounts less than $100 or have coin values less than 100¢. Students take turns being the “store clerk” and the “customer”.
- The customer chooses items to buy and calculates the total, paying with either a dollar or coin amount. The store clerk calculates the change in either dollars or coins.
- Teacher provides a graphic organizer like the one shown below to record information about the problem that focuses on the quantities in context and the operation(s) needed to solve the problem.
- Teacher encourages students to utilize strategies that make the most sense for the numbers in the problem, such as “think addition or adding up.”
Instructional Tasks
Instructional Task 1 (MTR.7.1)
Marco wants to buy three items from the school shop. The images below provide different items the school shop has in stock and its price.
- Part A. If Marco has $10 to spend, list all of the combinations of items he can purchase. Discuss your strategy to determine possible combinations.
- Part B. Which combination put them under/over budget?
Instructional Items
Instructional Item 1
Whitney has 93¢ in her piggy bank. She empties her piggy bank for a trip to the store. She gives her brother three dimes, and her sister one quarter, the rest of the money is hers to spend. How much money does Whitney have left to spend at the store?
Instructional Item 2
Maya and Tanya earned $47 dollars from their bake sale. Each of the girls wants to buy a sweatshirt that costs $15 dollars. Once the sweatshirts are purchased, do the girls have enough money to buy one bag of candy that costs $4? Explain why or why not.*The strategies, tasks and items included in the B1G-M are examples and should not be considered comprehensive.
Related Courses
Related Access Points
Related Resources
Formative Assessments
Lesson Plans
Original Student Tutorials
Problem-Solving Tasks
STEM Lessons - Model Eliciting Activity
Students will help choose the best value of connecting blocks by developing a procedure based on the following criteria: color, ease of use, variety of blocks, and number of blocks per set. They will reassess these blocks during the twist incorporating a new type of block. They will need to calculate the total costs of each set of blocks.
Students may arrange the criteria based on their teams’ interpretation of most important to least important. Students may have to make trade-offs based on these interpretations (i.e., price versus the other criteria in the data sets).
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
This Model Eliciting Activity is written at a second-grade level. In teams, students will make decisions about how to select the best cookie shop to help Ms. Betty with the purchasing of chocolate chip cookies while still being cost effective for her school.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
Students use problem solving skills, data sets presented in a chart, two and three digit addition, writing skills and money skills to determine which brand of jelly beans they would like to purchase. The jelly beans differ in taste, quantity, and cost. The students must then check their procedure to determine if it will work when given an additional piece of data.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
The focus of this lesson is to devise a plan and justify it in order to choose the best school supply company. Students will use problem-solving skills, data sets presented in a chart, two- and three-digit addition, writing skills, and money skills to determine the best school supply company. Students will also need to check their procedure to determine if it will work when given additional data.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
This Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) is written at a 2nd grade level. In this MEA students need to help the owner of Video Game City help his customers decide which gaming system best meets their needs. Students can consider the cost of each gaming system in their rankings. In part 2, students will need to add the cost of each gaming system and accessory.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
Students will use data in the form of bar graphs and tables to determine a procedure for ranking zoos for a field trip. In the “twist” students will have to consider the cost for students using addition and subtraction of dollar amounts.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem, while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought process. MEAs follow a problem-based, student centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEA’s visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx
Yum Pizza is looking for a better and healthier pizza to sell in stores around town. They are only able to promote one style and need help figuring out which one that should be. Students will practice subtracting dollar amounts and writing a letter explaining their reasoning.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
This Model Eliciting Activity is written at a second-grade level. In teams, students will make decisions about how to select the best baby food based on several characteristics. They will need to calculate the cost to produce two types of baby food.
Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
MFAS Formative Assessments
Students are asked to combine the values of bills and write the total value using the dollar symbol.
Students are asked to combine the values of coins and write the total value using the cent symbol.
Students consider two different ways to make fifty cents using quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies.
Students are asked to solve a two-step word problem involving money in the form of coins.
Original Student Tutorials Mathematics - Grades K-5
Learn to add a combination of coins, such as quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies using a number line, skip counting, and a hundred chart in this interactive tutorial.
This interactive tutorial is part 3 of 5. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.
Use place value and a tens and ones chart to add pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters in this interactive tutorial.
This is part 4 of 5. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorials
Use place value and a tens and ones chart to add pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters in this interactive tutorial.
This is part 4 of 5. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.
- (Part 1) Let's Talk About Money
- (Part 2) Let's Add Money: Using Similar Coins
- (Part 3) Let's Add Money: Mixed Coins
- (Part 5) Let's Make a Dollar!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn to add a combination of coins, such as quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies using a number line, skip counting, and a hundred chart in this interactive tutorial.
This interactive tutorial is part 3 of 5. Click below to open the other tutorials in the series.
- (Part 1) Let's Talk About Money
- (Part 2) Let's Add Money: Using Similar Coins
- (Part 4) Let's Add Money: Place Value
- (Part 5) Let's Make a Dollar!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Problem-Solving Tasks
The purpose of this task is for students to use currency to help better understand place value.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task is an instructional task that brings many aspects of the mathematical work that second graders will be doing together with an opportunity to learn about financial literacy concepts.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to compare two options for a prize where the value of one is given $2 at a time, giving them an opportunity to "work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication." This context also provides students with an introduction to the concept of delayed gratification, or resisting an immediate reward and waiting for a later reward, while working with money.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is to represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction with the help of a bar diagram.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task has students adding two 2-digit numbers that require regrouping and the solution shows a concrete approach to the solution. This problem can be adjusted based on where students are in their understanding of addition involving two-digit numbers.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is to address the concept of opportunity cost through a real world context involving money. In economics, resources are limited, but our wants are unlimited. Therefore, choices must be made. Every choice involves a cost.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
Parent Resources
Problem-Solving Tasks
The purpose of this task is to help students articulate their addition strategies and would be most appropriately used once students have a solid understanding of coin values. This task would be best used in an instructional setting especially since the language is somewhat complex and the teacher might need to help students decode the task statement.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to use currency to help better understand place value.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task is an instructional task that brings many aspects of the mathematical work that second graders will be doing together with an opportunity to learn about financial literacy concepts.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to compare two options for a prize where the value of one is given $2 at a time, giving them an opportunity to "work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication." This context also provides students with an introduction to the concept of delayed gratification, or resisting an immediate reward and waiting for a later reward, while working with money.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is to represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction with the help of a bar diagram.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is for students to relate addition and subtraction problems to money and to situations and goals related to saving money. This task has students adding two 2-digit numbers that require regrouping and the solution shows a concrete approach to the solution. This problem can be adjusted based on where students are in their understanding of addition involving two-digit numbers.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
The purpose of this task is to address the concept of opportunity cost through a real world context involving money. In economics, resources are limited, but our wants are unlimited. Therefore, choices must be made. Every choice involves a cost.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
