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Examples
Example: The number 8 is even because it can be represented as two equal groups of 4 or as the expression 4+4.Example: The number 9 is odd because it can be represented as two equal groups with one left over or as the expression 4+4+1.
Clarifications
Clarification 1: Instruction focuses on the connection of recognizing even and odd numbers using skip counting, arrays and patterns in the ones place.Clarification 2: Addends are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 12.
Benchmark Instructional Guide
Connecting Benchmarks/Horizontal Alignment
Terms from the K-12 Glossary
- NA
Vertical Alignment
Previous Benchmarks
Next Benchmarks
Purpose and Instructional Strategies
The purpose of this benchmark is to introduce the concept of even and odd numbers by building on students' understanding of equal groups and equal addends while continuing to build their automaticity with basic facts. This work lays the foundation for understanding multiples of 2 (MTR.5.1).- Instruction includes the use of arrays to show equal groups in rows and columns.
- Instruction includes the use of manipulatives, drawings, models, or equations to show a number as even or odd.
- Instruction includes numbers no larger than 25.
- Instruction includes building the foundation for patterns in grade 3.
Common Misconceptions or Errors
- Students may think a number is odd if the doubles addition fact involves odd numbers.
Strategies to Support Tiered Instruction
- Instruction includes opportunities to draw models of double facts or use two-color counters to explore the sums produced. Focus should be on sums always being even.
- For example, students draw a model for 4 + 4 and 9 + 9 by drawing a column of circles to represent each number. Students then pair the circle in each row to see there are no circles left without a match even when odd addends are used. Enough examples should be completed for students to see the pattern in the sums and realize the sums will always be even.
- Instruction includes opportunities to build models of numbers using two-color counters to determine if a number is even or odd.
- For example, using 15 two-color counters, students pair the counters together to determine if each counter will have a partner or if one counter will be left without a partner. Students will determine if the number is even or odd by developing the understanding that an even number can be split into two equal groups.
Instructional Tasks
Instructional Task 1 (MTR.5.1)
Present students with a variety of numbers between 0 and 25. Ask students to determine if the given number is even or odd by visually representing groups and creating an expression to determine if the total number of counters is even or odd. Student discussion should center around students being able to make generalizations about odd and even numbers.
Instructional Items
Instructional Item 1
The counters below represent the number 10. Use groups and an expression to justify if the number 10 is even or odd.
Instructional Item 2
Tim says 15 is odd because there is a 5 in the ones place. Use an array to show that he is correct.*The strategies, tasks and items included in the B1G-M are examples and should not be considered comprehensive.
Related Courses
Related Access Points
Related Resources
Formative Assessments
Lesson Plans
Original Student Tutorial
Perspectives Video: Teaching Ideas
Problem-Solving Task
MFAS Formative Assessments
Students are asked to write even numbers within 20 as the sum of two equal addends.
Students are asked to determine if a given number is even or odd.
Students are asked to determine if each of two collections has an odd or even number of objects, and to explain how they made their decisions.
Original Student Tutorials Mathematics - Grades K-5
Come explore even and odd numbers of objects and learn to determine if a group of objects has an even or odd number in this beach-themed, interactive tutorial.
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorial
Come explore even and odd numbers of objects and learn to determine if a group of objects has an even or odd number in this beach-themed, interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Problem-Solving Task
This task is specifically written so that students have opportunities to use different strategies to determine whether a set has an even or odd number of objects.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
Parent Resources
Problem-Solving Task
This task is specifically written so that students have opportunities to use different strategies to determine whether a set has an even or odd number of objects.
Type: Problem-Solving Task
