Standard 3: Develop an understanding of multiplication.

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General Information
Number: MA.2.AR.3
Title: Develop an understanding of multiplication.
Type: Standard
Subject: Mathematics (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 2
Strand: Algebraic Reasoning

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks.

Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Access Points

MA.2.AR.3.AP.1
Explore the concept of odd and even by pairing objects to represent an even number using two equal groups or represent an odd number by using two equal groups with one left over. Group of objects may not exceed 20.
MA.2.AR.3.AP.2
Explore using repeated addition to find the total number of objects represented in a collection of equal groups (e.g., 3 groups of 2 objects) or in a rectangular array (e.g., 3 rows of 2 objects). Total objects may not exceed 20.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.

Formative Assessments

Counting By Rows or Columns:

Students are asked to make an array from pennies and then skip count to find the total number of pennies and write an addition equation to represent the array.

Type: Formative Assessment

All Your Penguins in a Row:

Students are asked count by rows or columns to determine the total number in an array and then write an addition equation to represent the array.

Type: Formative Assessment

Writing an Equal Addends Equation:

Students are asked to write an equal addends equation that corresponds to a given array.

Type: Formative Assessment

Counting an Array:

Students are asked to find the total number of objects in a 3 x 4 array.

Type: Formative Assessment

Showing a Collection as Odd or Even:

Students are asked to determine if each of two collections has an odd or even number of objects, and to explain how they made their decisions.

Type: Formative Assessment

How Do You Know if a Number is Even or Odd?:

Students are asked to determine if a given number is even or odd.

Type: Formative Assessment

Is it Even or Odd?:

Students are asked to determine if a given number is even or odd.

Type: Formative Assessment

Even Numbers as the Sum of Two Equal Addends:

Students are asked to write even numbers within 20 as the sum of two equal addends.

Type: Formative Assessment

Lesson Plans

Cookies for All:

This lesson allows students to use everyday objects to understand equal groups by representing a total number of objects using rectangular arrays and repeated addition equations. The lesson uses "The Doorbell Rang" by Pat Hutchins to engage students during the lesson and to make a connection by using literacy in mathematics. This lesson will provide a foundation for the conceptual understanding of division by creating equal groups using arrays and repeated addition.

Type: Lesson Plan

Déjà Vu Addition, 2 plus 2 plus 2:

This lesson illustrates that when you have a rectangular array of objects, you can determine the sum of the objects by using a repeated addition equation. This builds a foundation for multiplication.

Type: Lesson Plan

Odds and Evens Dodgeball:

Students will create groups of objects to determine if a number is even or odd.

Type: Lesson Plan

Array Addition:

This is a lesson in which students will practice making rectangular arrays and writing equations, with and without story problems, using repeated addition to find the total number of objects in each array. This lesson is designed to help prepare students for multiplication.

Type: Lesson Plan

I Array + You Array = Arrays!:

An engaging activity that includes using repeated addition to find the total number of objects in equal groups and representing the total number of objects using arrays and equations.

Type: Lesson Plan

Odds and Evens:

This resource helps students identify numbers as odd or even using a variety of methods including creating pairs, skip counting by two’s, using number lines, and arrays. It also leads them to understand that all even numbers can be written as a sum of equal addends and odds can be written as the sum of equal addends plus one.

This resource can be conducted as one lesson or can be spread over multiple mini sessions if needed as noted within this resource as Lesson 1 and Lesson 2.

 

Type: Lesson Plan

Original Student Tutorials

Destinee Dragon’s Donut Troubles: Arrays:

Help Destinee use arrays and repeated addition to find how many donuts that she has in this interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Beach Buddies: Even or Odd? :

Come explore even and odd numbers of objects and learn to determine if a group of objects has an even or odd number in this beach-themed, interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Perspectives Video: Teaching Ideas

The Van de Walle Dot Matrix: A tool to support concepts from counting to multiplying polynomials:

Unlock an effective teaching tool that can help students all the way from basic counting principles to multiplying polynomials.

Type: Perspectives Video: Teaching Idea

Equations on the Math Balance:

Unlock an effective teaching strategy for teaching inequalities and equations with the math balance in this Teacher Perspectives video for educators.

Type: Perspectives Video: Teaching Idea

Problem-Solving Tasks

Red and Blue Tiles:

This task is specifically written so that students have opportunities to use different strategies to determine whether a set has an even or odd number of objects.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Counting Dots in Arrays:

Students who work on this task will benefit in seeing that given a quantity, there is often more than one way to represent it, which is a precursor to understanding the concept of equivalent expressions. This particular question also lays a foundation for students to understand the commutative property of multiplication in third grade. This task would be much more valuable if included in an appropriate place in an instructional sequence than as an isolated task.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Destinee Dragon’s Donut Troubles: Arrays:

Help Destinee use arrays and repeated addition to find how many donuts that she has in this interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Beach Buddies: Even or Odd? :

Come explore even and odd numbers of objects and learn to determine if a group of objects has an even or odd number in this beach-themed, interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Problem-Solving Tasks

Red and Blue Tiles:

This task is specifically written so that students have opportunities to use different strategies to determine whether a set has an even or odd number of objects.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Counting Dots in Arrays:

Students who work on this task will benefit in seeing that given a quantity, there is often more than one way to represent it, which is a precursor to understanding the concept of equivalent expressions. This particular question also lays a foundation for students to understand the commutative property of multiplication in third grade. This task would be much more valuable if included in an appropriate place in an instructional sequence than as an isolated task.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Problem-Solving Tasks

Red and Blue Tiles:

This task is specifically written so that students have opportunities to use different strategies to determine whether a set has an even or odd number of objects.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Counting Dots in Arrays:

Students who work on this task will benefit in seeing that given a quantity, there is often more than one way to represent it, which is a precursor to understanding the concept of equivalent expressions. This particular question also lays a foundation for students to understand the commutative property of multiplication in third grade. This task would be much more valuable if included in an appropriate place in an instructional sequence than as an isolated task.

Type: Problem-Solving Task