LAFS.3.L.3.4Archived Standard

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning word and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
  1. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
  2. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known affix is added to a known word (e.g., agreeable/disagreeable, comfortable/uncomfortable, care/careless, heat/preheat).
  3. Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., company, companion).
  4. Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
General Information
Subject Area: English Language Arts
Grade: 3
Strand: Language Standards
Idea: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts
Date Adopted or Revised: 12/10
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived
Assessed: Yes
Test Item Specifications
  • Item Type(s): This benchmark may be assessed using: EBSR , MS , ST , MC item(s)
  • Assessed with LAFS.3.L.2.3, LAFS.3.RL.2.4, and LAFS.3.L.3.5.
    Also assesses: LAFS.3.RF.3.3 and LAFS.3.RF.4.4

  • Assessment Limits :
    Items may ask the student to use the text to determine the meanings of words and phrases using context, affixes, or root words as clues. Items should ask the student to consider literal and nonliteral meanings of words. Items may also ask the student to determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases or words and phrases with multiple meanings. The student may also have to demonstrate an understanding of the relationships between words and nuances of meaning. Items may ask the student to choose words or phrases for effect. Items should focus on words and phrases that are central to the meaning of the text. Items should not exclusively ask the student to determine the meanings of basic, everyday words and phrases that commonly appear in spoken language.
  • Text Types :
    The items assessing these standards may be used with one or more grade-appropriate literary texts. Texts may vary in complexity.
  • Response Mechanisms :
    The Enhanced Item Descriptions section on page 3 provides a list of Response Mechanisms that may be used to assess this standard (excluding the Editing Task Choice item type). The Sample Response Mechanisms may include, but are not limited to, the examples below.
  • Task Demand and Sample Response Mechanisms :

    Task Demand

    Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

    Sample Response Mechanisms

    Selectable Text
    • Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that show the meaning of words used in the text.
    • Requires the student to correctly identify the meaning of a word or phrase and then to select words or phrases from the text that provide clues to the meaning of that word. 
    Multiple Choice 
    • Requires the student to select the meaning of a word or phrase used in the text. 
    EBSR 
    • Requires the student to select the meaning of a word or phrase and to select words or phrases from the text that support the correct meaning. 
    Multiselect 
    • Requires the student to select words, phrases, or direct quotations that show the meaning of words used in the text.
    Task Demand

    Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known affix is added to a known word. 

    Sample Response Mechanisms

    Multiple Choice

    • Requires the student to select the meaning of a word used in the text that has an affix. 
    Multiselect 
    • Requires the student to select an affix that shows the meaning of words used in the text. 

    Task Demand

    Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root. 

    Sample Response Mechanisms

    Multiple Choice 

    • Requires the student to select the meaning of a word from the text by using a known root word as a clue. 
    Multiselect
    • Requires the student to select a root word that shows the meaning of words used in the text. 

    Task Demand

    Distinguish the literal and nonliteral meanings of words and phrases in context. 

    Sample Response Mechanisms

    Multiple Choice 

    • Requires the student to select the correct meaning of literal and nonliteral words and phrases based on the text. 
    Selectable Text 
    • Requires the student to select the correct meaning of literal or nonliteral words or phrases and then to select words or phrases from the text to support the meaning.
    Task Demand 

    Distinguish shades of meaning among related words that describe states of mind or degrees of certainty. 

    Sample Response Mechanisms 

    Selectable Text  

    • Requires the student to select the correct word from a list of words that are related and then to select words or phrases from the text that support the answer. 
    Multiple Choice
    • Requires the student to select the correct word from a list of words that are related. 
    Task Demand 

    Choose words or phrases for effect. 

    Sample Response Mechanisms 

    Selectable Text  

    • Requires the student to select the correct word or phrase from a list of words for a desired effect and then to select words or phrases from the text that support the answer. 
    Multiple Choice  
    • Requires the student to select the correct word from a list of words for a desired effect. 

Related Courses

This benchmark is part of these courses.
5010010: English for Speakers of Other Languages-Elementary (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
5010020: Basic Skills in Reading-K-2 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2021, 2021 and beyond (current))
5010030: Functional Basic Skills in Communications-Elementary (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
5010044: Language Arts - Grade Three (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7710014: Access Language Arts - Grade 3 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Lesson Plans

Point of View: Two Bad Ants by Chris Van Allsburg:

During these lessons, students will delve deep into the text Two Bad Ants by Chris Van Allsburg. After identifying the point of view in the story, they will answer comprehension questions about the story by playing a small group game. Students will have the opportunity to rewrite the story from a completely different point of view.

Type: Lesson Plan

Close Reading of The Raft by Jim LaMarche:

In this lesson, students will engage in reading The Raft by Jim LaMarche. Through several close readings and discussions, students will analyze and synthesize how key details and characters' actions and motivations help to determine the author's central message. The lesson begins with a strong "hook" that will also bring closure to the reading and reinforce the students' understanding of the central idea.

Type: Lesson Plan

How to Find a Princess: A Study of The Real Princess by Hans Christian Anderson:

This short text, "The Real Princess," originally told by Hans Christian Anderson, will require students to think deeply, make inferences based on text evidence and learn several new vocabulary words. Students will discuss the components of a fairy tale, play a vocabulary game, and compose an opinion piece of writing about the theme of the story.

Type: Lesson Plan

Character Traits: A Close Reading of The Sweetest Fig by Chris Van Allsburg:

In this close reading lesson, students will delve deep into the text, The Sweetest Fig, by Chris Van Allsburg. Students will practice reading comprehension, vocabulary, and identifying character traits. They will determine the traits of a character based off of the character's actions and language. Students will also gain practice responding to text-based questions both orally and in writing, providing evidence from the text to support their claims.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Ballad of Mulan: A Close Reading Activity:

In this lesson, students will read and reread a classic Chinese folktale, The Ballad of Mulan. They will ask and answer text-dependent questions and will recount the events in the story using a story map. Students will determine the theme of the story and analyze Mulan's character development through her actions, thoughts, and feelings along with their contribution to the sequence of events and, ultimately, the theme of the story.

Type: Lesson Plan

Whose Fault Is It?:

In this lesson students will use shared inquiry discussion to discuss an open-ended question from a Nigerian folktale "It's All the Fault of Adam".

Type: Lesson Plan

Our Amazing World – Informational Reading:

Students will write a summary of the text Hottest, Coldest, Highest, Deepest by Steve Jenkins. In doing so, students will focus on identifying the central idea and relevant details in the text. Students will participate in vocabulary development activities to aid in the understanding of the informational text.

Type: Lesson Plan

And the Moral Is . . .:

In this lesson, students will work with partners and individually to read and analyze fables. Students will clarify unknown words using context and dictionaries. Students will identify words or phrases to help them determine the moral/lesson being taught by the fable.

Type: Lesson Plan

Can You Find a Clue?:

In this lesson students will be working with a new, non-fiction text to identify unknown words and determine their meaning using context clues.

Type: Lesson Plan

Multiple Meaning Words:

In this lesson, students will explore the concept that many words have multiple meaning. The students will be engaged in activities where they will use reference materials to look up the various definitions of the words and identify their parts of speech, as well as understand how the meaning of the words change depending on the context of the sentence. Students will compose sentences for words with multiple meanings, as well as write a riddle where both definitions of the word will help the reader solve the riddle. Students will work independently, as well as with their peers, in order gain a better understanding of multiple meaning words and how to identify their correct meanings using reference materials and context clues.

Type: Lesson Plan

Building Strong Verbs with Patricia Polacco and Thunder Cake:

Students will engage in a close reading of Patricia Polacco's Thunder Cake, (ATOS 3.5; Lexile 630L) as a mentor text, to examine the author's usage of strong verbs. This lesson is the second of a two part lesson in which students will take a previously written text addressing the prompt listed below, and revise their written piece by incorporating strong verbs into their writing.
Prompt: Do you believe that the little girl in the story demonstrated bravery? Why or Why not? Use specific details from the story to support your opinion.

Type: Lesson Plan

Close Reading Exemplar: "Because of Winn-Dixie":

The goal of this one day exemplar is to give students the opportunity to use the reading and writing habits they've been practicing on a regular basis to absorb deep lessons from Kate DiCamillo's story. By reading and rereading the passage closely and focusing their reading through a series of questions and discussion about the text, students will identify how and why the three main characters became friends.

Type: Lesson Plan

Close Reading of Fairy Tales/Folk Tales:

In this lesson, students will first work with the teacher and their classmates to practice the close reading of "The Burning of the Rice Fields." Through separate close readings of this story, students will practice reading and analyzing the text to identify story elements, will use context clues to determine the meaning of selected vocabulary, will analyze characters in the story and their actions and motivations, and finally, students will determine the lesson or moral of the story. For independent practice, students will conduct the same kind of close reading for the story "The Cat and the Parrot." Throughout the lesson, students will also practice creating questions about a text.

Type: Lesson Plan

Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) STEM Lesson

Physical Science Unit: Properties Lesson 21 Model Eliciting Activity: Entertaining Animals:

In this MEA, students will have the opportunity to apply what they learned about physical properties and measuring linear lengths to a realistic problem. Students will be asked to design a prototype toy for Florida panthers housed at the CPALMS Rehabilitation and Conservation Center. Students will need to describe the physical properties (color, shape, texture, hardness, length) of the toy while explaining the rationale behind their design choices. In the optional twist, students will need to design a prototype toy suitable for a Florida panther with an injured leg. 

This is a lesson in the Grade 3 Physical Science Unit on Properties. This is a themed unit of SaM-1's adventures at the CPALMS Rehabilitation and Conservation Center.  To see all the lessons in the unit please visit https://www.cpalms.org/page818.aspx .

Type: Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) STEM Lesson

Original Student Tutorials

Lesson 21 Video: MEA Entertaining Animals Part 2:

In this video, SaM-1 introduces a part 2 twist to the  Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) challenge. In the optional twist, students will need to design a prototype toy suitable for a Florida panther with an injured leg. This first video provides background information on why and how animals need to be entertained. 

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Lesson 21 Video: MEA Entertaining Animals:

In this video, SaM-1 introduces a Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) challenge for the students. This video provides background information on why and how animals need to be entertained. Students will have the opportunity to apply what they learned about physical properties and measuring linear lengths as they are asked to design a prototype toy for Florida panthers housed at the CPALMS Rehabilitation and Conservation Center. 

In the optional twist, students will need to design a prototype toy suitable for a Florida panther with an injured leg. The optional twist also has a SaM-1 video to introduce the twist challenge.

 

 

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Student Center Activities

Vocabulary: Homograph Hitch:

In this activity, students will identify the meanings of homographs by playing a matching game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Rooting for Meaning!:

In this activity, students will identify the meaning of roots while playing a match game. As an extension activity, students will use roots to create words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Affix Game:

In this activity, students will make words containing affixes and use them in a sentence to show meaning while playing an affix game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Affix Match:

In this activity, students will match affixes to their meanings by playing a memory game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Make it Meaningful:

In this activity, students will determine and record the meanings of words with affixes. They will then sort them by affix meaning.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Dissect:

In this activity, students will segment words into base words and affixes to determine the meaning.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Meaningful Affixes:

In this activity, students will make words to match meanings by combining base words and affixes.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Affix Concentration:

In this activity, students will match affixes to their meanings by playing a memory game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Affix Action:

In this activity, students will produce words with affixes to complete sentences while playing a board game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: All For One:

In this activity, students will produce the multiple meanings of words and use the words in sentences that demonstrate understanding of the multiple meanings.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Ask-A-Word:

In this activity, students will demonstrate a deeper understanding of the meaning of words by completing a questionnaire.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Ask-Explain-List:

In this activity, students will demonstrate understanding of words by applying them to a variety of contexts.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Build-A-Word:

In this activity, students will add affixes to base words to make new words, then use the new words in sentences.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Choice Meanings:

In this activity, students will identify the meaning of words in context.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Cloze Encounters:

In this activity, students will choose words based on meaning to complete sentences in a cloze passage.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Context Clues:

In this activity, students will read sentences containing context clues and sort by the type of context clue.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Defining Depictions:

In this activity, students will depict words by drawing pictures that relate to their meaning.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Dictionary Cube:


In this activity, students will identify the meaning of words and word-related information using a dictionary.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Dictionary Digs:

In this activity, students will look up target words in a dictionary and record specific information.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Get a Clue!:

In this activity, students will determine the meanings of unknown words using context clues.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Getting to the Root of It:

In this activity, students will identify words with common roots and related meanings and sort them on a sorting board.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Inside Information:

In this activity, students will write simple definitions, sentences, and examples of target words in a graphic organizer.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Know or No:

In this activity, students will sort words based on their understanding of the words' meanings. They will then determine the meanings of the words and record them.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Looking for Meaning:

In this activity, students will determine the meanings of unknown words and rewrite sentences from text to demonstrate their understanding.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Meaning Exchange:

In this activity, students will identify the meaning of words in context by playing a matching game.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Meaning Extender:

In this activity, students will demonstrate their understanding of words by applying them to a variety of contexts.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Meaning Maker:

In this activity, students will identify unknown words, determine their meaning, and rewrite sentences to demonstrate their understanding.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Meaning Map:

In this activity, students will identify attributes of words and record them on a graphic organizer.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Multiple Meaning Match:

In this activity, students will identify the multiple meanings of words in context.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Oh My Word!:

In this activity, students will write simple definitions, sentences, and synonyms of words on a recording sheet.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Root-A-Word:

In this activity, students will identify and sort words containing the same root.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Root-O!:

In this activity, students will produce words containing the same root and identify their meanings.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Undercover Meanings:

In this activity, students will write simple definitions, sentences, and examples of target words in a graphic organizer.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: What Do You Mean?:


In this activity, students will match words to their meanings.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: What-A-Word:

In this activity, students will identify words to complete text.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Clues:


In this activity, students will use reference materials to develop clues about target words. They will provide the clues to a partner until the target word is identified.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Express:

In this activity, students will identify the meaning of words in context.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Filler:

In this activity, students will identify words to complete sentences.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Share:

In this activity, students will find, discuss, record, and define selected words in a text.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Web:

In this activity, students will identify the multiple meaning of words by constructing a web.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Winner:

In this activity, students will use strategies to identify the meanings of unknown words in context.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Wise:

In this activity, student will determine the meaning of words. NOTE: To fully meet the expectations of the aligned standards, students will need to identify unknown words in text they are reading and use strategies to determine the meanings of the unknown words.

Type: Student Center Activity

Vocabulary: Word Wrap:

In this activity, students will describe a target word using a graphic organizer.

Type: Student Center Activity

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Original Student Tutorials

Lesson 21 Video: MEA Entertaining Animals Part 2:

In this video, SaM-1 introduces a part 2 twist to the  Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) challenge. In the optional twist, students will need to design a prototype toy suitable for a Florida panther with an injured leg. This first video provides background information on why and how animals need to be entertained. 

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Lesson 21 Video: MEA Entertaining Animals:

In this video, SaM-1 introduces a Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) challenge for the students. This video provides background information on why and how animals need to be entertained. Students will have the opportunity to apply what they learned about physical properties and measuring linear lengths as they are asked to design a prototype toy for Florida panthers housed at the CPALMS Rehabilitation and Conservation Center. 

In the optional twist, students will need to design a prototype toy suitable for a Florida panther with an injured leg. The optional twist also has a SaM-1 video to introduce the twist challenge.

 

 

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.