Standard #: SS.8.A.3.11


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Analyze support and opposition (Federalists, Federalist Papers, Anti-Federalists, Bill of Rights) to ratification of the U.S. Constitution.


Related Courses

Course Number1111 Course Title222
2100010: M/J United States History (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
2100015: M/J United States History & Career Planning (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
2100020: M/J United States History Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
2100025: M/J United States History Advanced & Career Planning (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
7821026: Access M/J United States History and Career Planning (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
2100035: M/J United States History Digital Technologies (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018 (course terminated))
7821025: Access M/J United States History (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
2100045: M/J United States History & Civics (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))


Related Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
SS.8.A.3.AP.11 Identify the beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.


Related Resources

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Birth of A New Nation - Bill of Rights Gallery Walk

In this lesson, students will review the support and opposition to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

Preserving Rights

Using the Bill of Rights, students will delve into the specific language and interpretation of each amendment to gain a deeper understanding of their intended scope and limitations, as well as connect the infringed rights of the colonists to the Amendment created to protect those rights. Using the primary source (Bill of Rights), students will analyze and interpret the amendment in their own words using a graphic organizer.

Creating a New Government (Lesson 2 of 3)

In this lesson, students will examine the rights protected by the Bill of Rights. This is part of a 3-lesson unit on the Federalists and Anti-Federalists and the Bill of Rights with an integration to civics. 

Creating a New Government (Lesson 1 of 3)

In this lesson, students will learn about the Federalists and Anti-Federalists using primary source documents. This is part of a 3-lesson unit on the Federalists and Anti-Federalists and Bill of Rights. 

Establishing Freedom

Students will use prior knowledge of the American Revolution and events leading up to the Declaration of Independence to understand the necessity for a Bill of Rights. The lesson will start with reviewing the events leading to the American Revolution. Students will then examine and analyze excerpts from the viewpoints of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists and determine the meaning of the excerpt in small groups. Using the excerpts, students will create a text message thread in two groups (Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists). As a formative assessment, students will demonstrate their understanding by connecting the viewpoints expressed to the necessity of a Bill of Rights in a short exit ticket.

The Fight for the Bill of Rights

In this lesson, students will analyze support and opposition for ratification of the Constitution. Additionally, students will be exposed to how the Bill of Rights protects rights of individuals.

The Founders Gallery Walk

In this lesson, students will be able to identify key individuals who contributed to the founding documents (Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, and George Mason).

Virginia Declaration of Rights, the Bill of Rights, and George Mason

Students will be able to identify George Mason and his contributions to the Bill of Rights. 

John Jay and The Federalist Papers

Students will become familiar with the first Chief Justice, John Jay, and his contributions to the foundation of the American government, as well as his contribiutions to The Federalist Papers. 

Who was Right?! The Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist

In this lesson, students will recognize the views of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists on adding the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. Students will evaluate primary source excerpts from the Federalist and Anti-Federalist papers and explain which perspective each provides. 

Making Connections With the Bill of Rights

In this lesson plan, students will review and make connections between the Bill of Rights, their lives, and the past debates on the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.  

Document Dissection: Bill of Rights

Students will begin this lesson by creating a social media post regarding the Anti-Federalists.  They will then collaborate by working in different roles that dissect the text and meaning of the Bill of Rights.  Students will share out their information with the group and then complete a quick write.

What Are My Rights?

This lesson is meant to engage students in critical thinking about their rights within the Bill of Rights through image analysis and dicussion. Students will collectively rank their evaluation of the most important rights in our nation. 

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
Civic and Political Participation of the Founders: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison

Learn about the civic and political participation of some of the Founders, including George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, with this interactive tutorial.

The Ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Learn the historical arguments for and against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution with this interactive civics tutorial. 

The Great Debate: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

In this interactive tutorial, you'll compare the viewpoints of the two groups on opposite sides of the great debate over ratifying the U.S. Constitution: Federalists and Anti-Federalists.  

Teaching Ideas

Name Description
Bill of Rights Tic Tac Toe Board

This Tic Tac Toe activity is intended to allow students the opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of the Bill of Rights and to explore the impacts of rights and liberties. 

Middle School Debate: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Students will participate in a debate using the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. This could be a verbal, silent, or alley debate. One group will represent the Federalists and be given information relating to their arguments. The other group will act as the Anti-Federalists and be given information relating to their arguments. Provide students time to prepare their arguments either individually or as a team, then commence the debate.

Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
A More Perfect Union: George Washington and the Making of the Constitution

This 3-part video from Mount Vernon details the struggles that led delegates from the 13 colonies to hold a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. At this convention, under the leadership of George Washington, the delegates rejected the Articles of Confederation in favor of a new, stronger federal government. After the Constitution's ratification, Washington become the new nation's first president.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
Civic and Political Participation of the Founders: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison:

Learn about the civic and political participation of some of the Founders, including George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, with this interactive tutorial.

The Ratification of the U.S. Constitution:

Learn the historical arguments for and against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution with this interactive civics tutorial. 

The Great Debate: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists:

In this interactive tutorial, you'll compare the viewpoints of the two groups on opposite sides of the great debate over ratifying the U.S. Constitution: Federalists and Anti-Federalists.  

Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
A More Perfect Union: George Washington and the Making of the Constitution:

This 3-part video from Mount Vernon details the struggles that led delegates from the 13 colonies to hold a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. At this convention, under the leadership of George Washington, the delegates rejected the Articles of Confederation in favor of a new, stronger federal government. After the Constitution's ratification, Washington become the new nation's first president.



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