Standard #: SC.912.L.18.2


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Describe the important structural characteristics of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides and explain the functions of carbohydrates in living things.


General Information

Subject Area: Science
Grade: 912
Body of Knowledge: Life Science
Standard: Matter and Energy Transformations -

A. All living things are composed of four basic categories of macromolecules and share the same basic needs for life.

B. Living organisms acquire the energy they need for life processes through various metabolic pathways (primarily photosynthesis and cellular respiration).

C. Chemical reactions in living things follow basic rules of chemistry and are usually regulated by enzymes.

D. The unique chemical properties of carbon and water make life on Earth possible.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
Content Complexity Rating: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved

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Related Resources

Lesson Plans

Name Description
The Last Supper: Identifying Macromolecules

The students will solve a mystery using laboratory tests for different types of macromolecules. They will use argumentation to justify and communicate their claim. They will construct explanations and communicate with one another to determine which macromolecule would be best to eat in different scenarios. Students will be able to identify the structure and functions of the four main types of macromolecules. The students will use laboratory testing to determine the identity of an unknown. They will fill in a chart about the structures, functions, and examples for each macromolecule type and then they will practice their knowledge by answering short response questions relating the macromolecules to the real world. Finally, they will review using a whole-class cooperative activity and take a quiz about the structures and functions of macromolecules.

Carbohydrates and Dehydration Synthesis

The structure of carbohydrates is an important concept for students to understand. This lesson will discuss the structure of carbohydrates and their function in living things. The focus of the activity will be on the structure of disaccharides and how the bonds are formed.

Carbohydrates and the Energy Mystery

Students will be able to explore the structure and function of carbohydrates by building structural models and creating an inquiry lab that explores the energy capacity of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Comparing Carbohydrates

Students will participate in a teacher-directed lesson on the structural differences of carbohydrates and their function in living things. Concept ideas will be organized with a graphic organizer that students will use in a group activity to create an original concept map demonstrating understanding of the topic. Student understanding will be assessed via a 2-3 paragraph summary.

The Drama of Glucose Regulation

Students will act out glucose metabolism - from the blood stream to cells where they will be converted to ATP, with help from insulin.

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
The Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates

Learn about the basic molecular structures and primary functions of carbohydrates with this interactive tutorial.

This is part 2 in a five-part series. Click below to explore other tutorials in the series.

Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
Carbohydrates This video resource was produced by Paul Andersen, a high school science teacher in Bozeman, Montana. He begins by explaining the structure and purpose of carbohydrates. He then describes and gives examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharide and polysaccharides, and explains how they grow through dehydration reactions and shrink through hydrolysis.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
The Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates:

Learn about the basic molecular structures and primary functions of carbohydrates with this interactive tutorial.

This is part 2 in a five-part series. Click below to explore other tutorials in the series.



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