Standard #: MA.7.NSO.1.1


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Know and apply the Laws of Exponents to evaluate numerical expressions and generate equivalent numerical expressions, limited to whole-number exponents and rational number bases.


Clarifications


Clarification 1: Instruction focuses on building the Laws of Exponents from specific examples. Refer to the K-12 Formulas (Appendix E) for the Laws of Exponents.

Clarification 2: Problems in the form begin mathsize 12px style a to the power of n over a to the power of m equals a to the power of p end style must result in a whole-number value for p.



General Information

Subject Area: Mathematics (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 7
Strand: Number Sense and Operations
Date Adopted or Revised: 08/20
Status: State Board Approved

Benchmark Instructional Guide

Connecting Benchmarks/Horizontal Alignment

 

Terms from the K-12 Glossary

  • Base (of an exponent)
  • Exponent (exponential form)
  • Rational Number
  • Whole Number

 

Vertical Alignment

Previous Benchmarks

Next Benchmarks

 

Purpose and Instructional Strategies

In previous courses, students evaluated positive rational numbers and integers with natural number exponents. In grade 7 accelerated, students use the Laws of Exponents to evaluate and generate numerical expressions, limited to whole-number exponents and rational number bases. Students extend their knowledge of the Laws of Exponents to generate equivalent algebraic expressions with integer exponents and monomial bases. In Algebra 1, students will use their knowledge of the Laws of Exponents to generate equivalent algebraic expressions with rational and variable exponents. 
  • Instruction includes allowing students to develop the Laws of Exponents based on patterns emerging from a series of examples related to each Law of Exponents (MTR.5.1).
  • Develop understanding of the zero exponent by using multiplication to increase values and division to decrease values (MTR.5.1).
    • For example, to show decreasing values, 5³ ÷ 5 = 5² and then 5² ÷ 5 = 5¹ (or 5) and then 5¹ ÷ 5 = 50 (or 5 ÷ 5 = 1).
      Patterns in Exponents
  • Full expansion of exponents, limited to whole number exponents and rational number bases, should be modeled to help develop these patterns.
    full expansion of exponents
  • Students should develop fluency with and without the use of a calculator when evaluating numerical expressions involving the Laws of Exponents.
  • Instruction includes cases where students must work backwards as well as cases where the value of a variable must be determined (MTR.3.1). Students should use relational thinking as well as algebraic thinking.
    • For example, in  = 343, what is the value of n? Students should ask themselves, “If I know that 343 is 7³, what value would n need to be so that n − 2 = 3?”
    • For example, in (5²)n = 510, what is the value of n? Students should ask themselves, “What power would 5² be raised to equal 510?”

 

Common Misconceptions or Errors

  • Students may incorrectly conclude that squaring a number means to multiply by 2. Likewise, cubing may be mistaken as multiplying by 3. Use length to show doubling and area of a square to show an exponent of 2. Use of two-dimensional and three-dimensional manipulatives (MTR.2.1) may also help to emphasize squares and cubes versus increasing length.
  • When finding the product or quotient of powers, students may incorrectly multiply or divide the bases, rather than only manipulating the exponents. Use full expansion of the exponential expression (MTR.2.1) to develop the laws.
  • Students may incorrectly invert the product of powers and power of a power laws, wanting to multiply in the first and add in the latter.

 

Strategies to Support Tiered Instruction

  • Instruction includes modeling the differences between doubling and squaring a value. Doubling a value would be represented by multiplying a given length by 2 whereas squaring a number would be represented by the area of a square with a given length.
    • For example, students can be given the table below to show how the left column doubles a length whereas the right column squares a length.
      representation of 5 power 2
  • Instruction includes modeling the differences between tripling or cubing a value. Tripling a value would be represented by multiplying a given length by 3, whereas cubing a number would be represented by the volume of a cube with a given length.
    • For example, students can be given the table below to show how the left column triples a length whereas the right column cubes a length.
      Representation of 5 power 3
      Representation of 5 power 3
  • The teacher provides opportunities for students who incorrectly apply the Laws of Exponents when generating equivalent numerical expressions to use full expansion of exponential expression as an additional step to visually represent the emerging patterns.
    • For example, the expression 4³ ⋅4² can be expanded to (4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4) ⋅ (4 ⋅ 4) which is equivalent to 4⋅4⋅4⋅4⋅4 or 45. This helps illustrate the product of powers Law.
  • Teacher creates and posts an anchor chart with visual representations of the base of an exponent, exponent and any factor(s) then encourages students to utilize the anchor chart to assist in correct academic vocabulary when evaluating exponential expressions.
    • For example, the teacher can highlight different parts of the expression 4³ ⋅4² in different colors to visualize the base, exponents and factors: 4³ · 4².
  • Instruction includes co-creating a graphic organizer for each of the Laws of Exponents to include the name of the law, an original exponential expression, an equivalent expansion of the expression, the equivalent simplified expression, and a generalized rule for each of the laws.
    • For example, a graphic organizer with some of the Laws is shown.
      Laws

 

Instructional Tasks

Instructional Task 1 (MTR.5.1)
Complete the table by using numeric examples to develop a rule for each of the situations given. Then confirm or adjust your hypothesis as one of the Laws of Exponents.
Laws of exponents

 

Instructional Items

Instructional Item 1
Generate an equivalent expression.
(12)2 · (12)3

Instructional Item 2

Evaluate the following expression.
((14)2)3 · (14)3

Instructional Item 3
Evaluate the following expression.
Division of numbers

 

*The strategies, tasks and items included in the B1G-M are examples and should not be considered comprehensive.


Related Courses

Course Number1111 Course Title222
1205040: M/J Grade 7 Mathematics (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1205050: M/J Accelerated Mathematics Grade 7 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2020, 2020 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1204000: M/J Foundational Skills in Mathematics 6-8 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7812020: Access M/J Grade 7 Mathematics (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))


Related Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
MA.7.NSO.1.AP.1 Use properties of whole number exponents to produce equivalent expressions.


Related Resources

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Multiplying terms that have the same base

Students explore numerical examples involving multiplying exponential terms that have the same base. They generalize the property of exponents where, when multiplying terms with the same base, the base stays the same and the exponents are added together.

Scavenger Hunt for Multiplying and Dividing Powers

Get your students up and moving and interested in simplifying expressions with whole integer powers. After getting your students to figure out what it takes to multiply and divide powers with whole number exponents, have your students scurry about the room to find the questions and answers for scavenger hunt exercise. The lesson includes questions and answers for the hunt, directions for the hunt, printable cards for the hunt, and step by step directions on how to get your students to figure out what they need to do when multiplying and dividing powers with whole number exponents.

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to Solve Mathematical and Real-World problems

Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve mathematical and real-rorld problems in this interactive tutorial.

Problem-Solving Task

Name Description
Ants versus humans

This task requires students to work with very large and small values expressed both in scientific notation and in decimal notation (standard form). In addition, students need to convert units of mass. The solution below converts the mass of humans into grams; however, we could just as easily converted the mass of ants into kilograms. Students are unable to go directly to a calculator without taking into account all of the considerations mentioned above. Even after converting units and decimals to scientific notation, students should be encouraged to use the structure of scientific notation to regroup the products by extending the properties of operations and then use the properties of exponents to more fluently perform the calculations involved rather than rely heavily on a calculator.

Tutorial

Name Description
Powers of Zero

Students will learn that non-zero numbers to the zero power equal one. They will also learn that zero to any positive exponent equals zero.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to Solve Mathematical and Real-World problems:

Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve mathematical and real-rorld problems in this interactive tutorial.

Tutorial

Name Description
Powers of Zero:

Students will learn that non-zero numbers to the zero power equal one. They will also learn that zero to any positive exponent equals zero.



Parent Resources

Problem-Solving Task

Name Description
Ants versus humans:

This task requires students to work with very large and small values expressed both in scientific notation and in decimal notation (standard form). In addition, students need to convert units of mass. The solution below converts the mass of humans into grams; however, we could just as easily converted the mass of ants into kilograms. Students are unable to go directly to a calculator without taking into account all of the considerations mentioned above. Even after converting units and decimals to scientific notation, students should be encouraged to use the structure of scientific notation to regroup the products by extending the properties of operations and then use the properties of exponents to more fluently perform the calculations involved rather than rely heavily on a calculator.



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