Standard #: MA.6.AR.3.2


This document was generated on CPALMS - www.cpalms.org



Given a real-world context, determine a rate for a ratio of quantities with different units. Calculate and interpret the corresponding unit rate.


Examples


Tamika can read 500 words in 3 minutes. Her reading rate can be described as begin mathsize 12px style fraction numerator 500 space w o r d s over denominator 3 space m i n u t e s end fraction end style which is equivalent to the unit rate of begin mathsize 12px style 166 2 over 3 end style words per minute.

Clarifications


Clarification 1: Instruction includes using manipulatives, drawings, models and words and making connections between ratios, rates and unit rates.

Clarification 2: Problems will not include conversions between customary and metric systems.



General Information

Subject Area: Mathematics (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 6
Strand: Algebraic Reasoning
Status: State Board Approved

Benchmark Instructional Guide

Connecting Benchmarks/Horizontal Alignment

 

Terms from the K-12 Glossary

  • Rate
  • Unit Rate

 

Vertical Alignment

Previous Benchmarks

Next Benchmarks

 

Purpose and Instructional Strategies

In grade 5, students represented the division of two whole numbers as a fraction. In doing this, students started to work with a ratio relationship that relates parts to wholes. In grade 6, students extend this concept to include rates, which are ratios between quantities that are most often in different units. Students use ratio relationships to describe unit rates and percentage relationship and use the division of positive rational numbers to calculate unit rates from rates. In grade 7, students learn that a unit rate is the same as a constant of proportionality in a proportional relationship between two variables. 
  • Instruction connects rate and unit rate to student understanding of equivalent fractions from elementary school in both numeric and picture or model forms. Students can use the models to represent the situations in different ways (MTR.5.1).
  • Allow student flexibility in accepting both simplified and non-simplified responses for rates unless unit rate is the specified or expected form.

 

Common Misconceptions or Errors

  • Students may incorrectly identify what is being compared or the order of quantities being compared by the rate.
  • Students may have difficulty connecting a unit rate, which is represented by a single number, to a ratio or non-unit rate, which may be represented by two numbers.

 

Strategies to Support Tiered Instruction

  • Instruction includes the use of manipulatives and models to represent the provided rates and then to use multiplicative reasoning to determine the rate of one unit. Manipulatives and models include snap cubes, marbles, bar models, number lines or rate tables to help visually represent the relationship.
  • Instruction includes the use of manipulatives to allow for students to explore the meaning of a unit rate. The teacher should provide two different counters to represent a rate equivalent to a whole number unit rate and then co-model the division of the counters into equal groups to determine how many counters of one color are needed to represent a single counter of the other color.
    • For example: At the grocery store, you paid $9.00 for 3 pounds of apples. What is the unit price paid per pound of apples?
      9 red colored circles and 3 yellow colored circles

 

Instructional Tasks

Instructional Task 1 (MTR.6.1, MTR.7.1
In buying ground beef for hamburgers, there are several packages from which to choose as shown in the table below.

Table with data related to pounds of ground beef and its cost

  • Part A. Predict how much it would cost for a pound of beef. Explain why your prediction is reasonable. 
  • Part B. What is the unit cost of the ground beef? Does the unit cost differ by the package size at this store?

Instructional Task 2 (MTR.4.1)
The Jones family is planning on expanding their garden so that they can plant more vegetables. The ratio of the area of the old garden to the area of the new garden is 4¼:8 ¾. Convert this ratio to a unit rate and explain what it means in this context.

Instructional Task 3 (MTR.2.1, MTR.4.1, MTR.5.1
Stephen is tracking the number of miles traveled to the number of minutes passed while traveling. He discovered that in 8 minutes he traveled 6 miles. 
  • Part A. In your group, use the chart below to determine the rate and unit rate in miles per minute. 
  • Part B. Which form would be most efficient for this context? Why?
    Tables with columns Ratio, Rate and Unit Rate

 

Instructional Items

Instructional Item 1
At the grocery store, you paid $9.87 for 3.3 pounds of apples. What is the unit price paid per pound of apples?

Instructional Item 2

Brenda wants to buy one of the three cereals listed below. Determine which box is the best buy. Show and explain how you determined this.
  • 16 ounces of Frosted Flurries for $3.50
  • 12.4 ounces of Chocolate O’s for $2.42
  • 11.5 ounces of Cinnamon Grahams for $2.35

 

*The strategies, tasks and items included in the B1G-M are examples and should not be considered comprehensive.



Related Courses

Course Number1111 Course Title222
1205010: M/J Grade 6 Mathematics (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
1205020: M/J Accelerated Mathematics Grade 6 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2020, 2020 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
1204000: M/J Foundational Skills in Mathematics 6-8 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
7812015: Access M/J Grade 6 Mathematics (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))


Related Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
MA.6.AR.3.AP.2 Given a rate, calculate the unit rate for a ratio with different units.


Related Resources

Formative Assessments

Name Description
Unit Rate Length

Students are asked to write ratios and unit rates from fractional values.

Unit Rate Area

Students are asked to convert a ratio of mixed numbers to a unit rate and explain its contextual meaning.

Comparing Unit Rates

Students are asked to compute unit rates from values that include fractions.

Computing Unit Rates

Students are asked to compute and interpret unit rates in two different ways from values that include fractions and mixed numbers.

Writing Unit Rates

Students are given verbal descriptions of rates and asked to write them as unit rates.

Identifying Unit Rates

Students are asked to decide if given statements express unit rates.

Explaining Rates

Students are asked to explain the meaning of given rates and identify any that are unit rates.

Book Rates

Students write and explain the meaning of a ratio and corresponding unit rate in the context of a word problem.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Cool Special Effects

In this MEA, students will apply the concepts of heat transfer, especially convection. Students will analyze factors such as temperature that affect the behavior of fluids as they form convection currents.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Rate Your Local Produce Market

In this Model Eliciting Activity, MEA, the students will rank the local produce markets by using qualitative and quantitative data. The students will have to calculate unit rates of produce prices and then compare and order them.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem, while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought process. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEA’s visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Lightyear Rockets

Students are asked to evaluate and test several rocket fin designs to determine the most effective design. After launch, the students are asked to test an additional design and also design their own rocket fin. Additionally, students will record and graph their results.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Real Estate Rental Agency

In this Model Eliciting Activity, MEA, students will choose the best location for a family relocating and will find the monthly costs per month to make the best decision.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Best Day Care Center for William

This MEA requires students to formulate a comparison-based solution to a problem involving choosing the BEST daycare based upon safety, playground equipment, meals, teacher to student ratio, cost, holiday availability and toilet training availability. Students are provided the context of the problem, a request letter from a client asking them to provide a recommendation, and data relevant to the situation. Students utilize the data to create a defensible model solution to present to the client. Students will receive practice on calculating a discount, finding the sum of the discounts, working with ratios and ranking day cares based on the data given.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Pricing Twelve Days of Celebration

Students will discover how much items would cost if they were to give gifts for 12 days. They will learn how to calculate and add sales tax to find a total.

For Students by Students

Students are presented with the task of evaluating several types of fabric based on each of its characteristics. They need to analyze their current uniform needs and decide by choosing which type of fabric will best fit their uniform needs. Then they have to write a report explaining the procedure they used to analyze their choices, reasoning for their ranking and make the requested recommendations.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Travel Troubles

This activity engages the students into time scheduling, budgeting, and decision making to maximize time efficiency.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx.

"Analyzing Wordless Stories" An Introduction to Solving Unit Rates

In this lesson, students will apply their understanding of ratios and prior knowledge of division to determine the unit rate for a given ratio. After some initial instruction on unit rates, students will determine unit rates from diagrams with teacher guidance, and they will determine unit rates from narrative descriptions independently.

Makeover, Home Edition Final Part IV

This is the final part of the lesson "Makeover, Home Edition." This lesson is designed to teach students the applicability of finding the area of composite figures as well as understanding the importance of ratios in the real world. Part I (#48705) dealt with determining backyard dimensions for fence installation. Part II (#48967) concentrated on inserting a pool and patio into this backyard. Part III (#49025) dealt with creating a scale drawing of the backyard.

The Best Domestic Car

In this MEA students will use problem-solving strategies to determine which car to recommend to Americans living in India.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Makeover, Home Edition Part II

This is the second part of the lesson, "Makeover, Home Edition." This lesson will continue focusing on unit prices, but also incorporates area and volume. Part I (Makeover, Home Edition #48705) is based on creating backyard dimensions for fencing. Part III (Makeover, Home Edition #49025) will deal with creating a scale drawing of this backyard. Part IV (Makeover, Home Edition Final #49090) will focus on inserting a window and painting walls inside the house.

Savvy Shopper

This unit rate culminating activity has students apply knowledge to purchasing groceries. Specifically, knowledge of how unit rates can help save money over time.

Makeover, Home Edition Part I

This is the first part of the lesson, "Makeover Home Edition." This lesson is designed to increase student engagement. Students must think critically about fencing in their new "dream" backyard by calculating the total fencing needed. They will choose the most cost-effective method of purchasing their fencing by comparing unit rates mathematically and graphically. CPALMS Lesson Part II (#48967) will concentrate on inserting a pool and patio into this backyard. Part III (#49025) will include the creation of a scale drawing of this backyard. Part IV (#49090) focuses on inserting a window and painting walls inside the house.

Better Buy: 75 fl oz or 150 fl oz?

The students will clip out advertisements or use the attached PowerPoint to determine the better buy between small quantities and large quantities. The students will answer the question, "Which item costs less per unit?" and demonstrate fluency in dividing with decimals.

Is It Fair?

In this lesson students will use their understanding of ratios and unit rate to solve problems where they must decide whether various situations are fair.

Happy Lawns: Lawn Care Service MEA

This Model Eliciting Activity (MEA) is written at a 6th grade level.
This MEA asks the students to decide on a lawn mower that will provide the Happy Lawns: Lawn Care Service with the best value for their money. Students are asked to rank order the lawn mowers in term of gas tank capacity, customer rating, speed, amount of time the mower takes to cut an acre of grass, shipping, and cost of the lawn mower. Students must provide a "Best Value" lawn mower to the company owner and explain how they arrived at their solution.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
Una’s Unique Unit Rate Reunion

Join Una, the unicorn, as she learns the power of calculating unit rates while planning her family reunion in this interactive tutorial.

Farmers Market: Ratios, Rates and Unit Rates

Learn how to identify and calculate unit rates by helping Milo find prices per item at a farmer's market in this interactive tutorial.  

Perspectives Video: Expert

Name Description
Statistical Sampling Results in setting Legal Catch Rate

Fish Ecologist, Dean Grubbs, discusses how using statistical sampling can help determine legal catch rates for fish that may be endangered.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiasts

Name Description
Unit Rates in Swimming

In this video, David Fermin demonstrates real-time estimates for monitoring swimming performance and physiology.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Unit Rate: Spring Water Bottling

Nestle Waters discusses the importance of unit rate in the manufacturing process of bottling spring water.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Unit Rate and Florida Cave Formation

How long does it take to form speleothems in the caves at Florida Caverns State Parks?

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Pizza Pi: Area, Circumference & Unit Rate

How many times larger is the area of a large pizza compared to a small pizza? Which pizza is the better deal? Michael McKinnon of Gaines Street Pies talks about how the area, circumference and price per square inch is different depending on the size of the pizza.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Amping Up Violin Tuning with Math

Kyle Dunn, a Tallahassee-based luthier and owner of Stringfest, discusses how math is related to music.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Building Scale Models to Solve an Archaeological Mystery <p>An archaeologist describes how mathematics can help prove a theory about mysterious prehistoric structures called shell rings.</p>
Coffee Mathematics: Ratios and Total Dissolvable Solids

Math - the secret ingredient for an excellent cup of coffee!

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Bicycle Mathematics: Selecting Gear Ratios for Performance

Don't let math derail you. Learn how bicycle gears use ratios to help you ride comfortably on all kinds of terrain.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

KROS Pacific Ocean Kayak Journey: Calories, Distance, and Rowing Rates

Food is fuel, especially important when your body is powering a boat across the ocean.

Related Resources:
KROS Pacific Ocean Kayak Journey: GPS Data Set[.XLSX]
KROS Pacific Ocean Kayak Journey: Path Visualization for Google Earth[.KML]

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

KROS Pacific Ocean Kayak Journey: Calories, Exercise, and Metabolism Rates

How much food do you need to cross the Pacific in a kayak? Get a calculator and a bag of almonds before you watch this.

Related Resources:
KROS Pacific Ocean Kayak Journey: GPS Data Set[.XLSX]
KROS Pacific Ocean Kayak Journey: Path Visualization for Google Earth[.KML]

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Perspectives Video: Teaching Idea

Name Description
Bicycle Mathematics: Speed and Distance Calculations

Cycling involves a lot of real-time math when you use an on-board computer. Learn about lesson ideas and how computers help with understanding performance.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
sandundertheswingset2024

The 7th graders at Sunview Middle School were helping to renovate a playground for the kindergartners at a nearby elementary school. City regulations require that the sand underneath the swings be at least 15 inches deep. The sand under both swing sets was only 12 inches deep when they started. The rectangular area under the small swing set measures 9 feet by 12 feet and required 40 bags of sand to increase the depth by 3 inches. How many bags of sand will the students need to cover the rectangular area under the large swing set if it is 1.5 times as long and 1.5 times as wide as the area under the small swing set?

Price Per Pound and Pounds Per Dollar

Students are asked to use a given ratio to determine if two different interpretations of the ratio are correct and to determine the maximum quantity that could be purchased within a given context.

Running at a Constant Speed

Students are asked apply knowledge of ratios to answer several questions regarding speed, distance and time.

Tutorials

Name Description
Determining Rates with Fractions

This video demonstrates finding a unit rate from a rate containing fractions.

Rate Problem With Fractions

Watch as we solve a rate problem finding speed in meters per second using distance (in meters) and time (in seconds).

Solving Unit Rate Problem

This video demonstrates solving a unit rate problem using equivalent ratios.

Solving Unit Price Problem

This video demonstrates solving a unit price problem using equivalent ratios.

Converting Speed Units

In this lesson, students will be viewing a Khan Academy video that will show how to convert ratios using speed units.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
Una’s Unique Unit Rate Reunion:

Join Una, the unicorn, as she learns the power of calculating unit rates while planning her family reunion in this interactive tutorial.

Farmers Market: Ratios, Rates and Unit Rates:

Learn how to identify and calculate unit rates by helping Milo find prices per item at a farmer's market in this interactive tutorial.  

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Name Description
Building Scale Models to Solve an Archaeological Mystery: <p>An archaeologist describes how mathematics can help prove a theory about mysterious prehistoric structures called shell rings.</p>

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
sandundertheswingset2024:

The 7th graders at Sunview Middle School were helping to renovate a playground for the kindergartners at a nearby elementary school. City regulations require that the sand underneath the swings be at least 15 inches deep. The sand under both swing sets was only 12 inches deep when they started. The rectangular area under the small swing set measures 9 feet by 12 feet and required 40 bags of sand to increase the depth by 3 inches. How many bags of sand will the students need to cover the rectangular area under the large swing set if it is 1.5 times as long and 1.5 times as wide as the area under the small swing set?

Price Per Pound and Pounds Per Dollar:

Students are asked to use a given ratio to determine if two different interpretations of the ratio are correct and to determine the maximum quantity that could be purchased within a given context.

Running at a Constant Speed:

Students are asked apply knowledge of ratios to answer several questions regarding speed, distance and time.

Tutorials

Name Description
Determining Rates with Fractions:

This video demonstrates finding a unit rate from a rate containing fractions.

Rate Problem With Fractions:

Watch as we solve a rate problem finding speed in meters per second using distance (in meters) and time (in seconds).

Solving Unit Price Problem:

This video demonstrates solving a unit price problem using equivalent ratios.

Converting Speed Units:

In this lesson, students will be viewing a Khan Academy video that will show how to convert ratios using speed units.



Parent Resources

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Name Description
Building Scale Models to Solve an Archaeological Mystery: <p>An archaeologist describes how mathematics can help prove a theory about mysterious prehistoric structures called shell rings.</p>

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
sandundertheswingset2024:

The 7th graders at Sunview Middle School were helping to renovate a playground for the kindergartners at a nearby elementary school. City regulations require that the sand underneath the swings be at least 15 inches deep. The sand under both swing sets was only 12 inches deep when they started. The rectangular area under the small swing set measures 9 feet by 12 feet and required 40 bags of sand to increase the depth by 3 inches. How many bags of sand will the students need to cover the rectangular area under the large swing set if it is 1.5 times as long and 1.5 times as wide as the area under the small swing set?

Price Per Pound and Pounds Per Dollar:

Students are asked to use a given ratio to determine if two different interpretations of the ratio are correct and to determine the maximum quantity that could be purchased within a given context.

Running at a Constant Speed:

Students are asked apply knowledge of ratios to answer several questions regarding speed, distance and time.



Printed On:5/2/2025 7:42:14 PM
Print Page | Close this window