Big Idea 9 : Changes in Matter



This document was generated on CPALMS - www.cpalms.org


A. Matter can undergo a variety of changes.

B. When matter is changed physically, generally no changes occur in the structure of the atoms or molecules composing the matter.

C. When matter changes chemically, a rearrangement of bonds between the atoms occurs. This results in new substances with new properties.

Clarification for grades K-5: The target understanding for students in the elementary grades should focus on Big Ideas A and B.

Clarification for Grades 6-8: The target understanding for students in the middle grades should begin to transition the focus to: C. When matter changes chemically, a rearrangement of bonds between the atoms occurs. This results in new substances with new properties.

General Information

Number: SC.8.P.9
Title: Changes in Matter
Type: Big Idea
Subject: Science
Grade: 8
Body of Knowledge: Physical Science

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks
Code Description
SC.8.P.9.1: Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes.
SC.8.P.9.2: Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
SC.8.P.9.3: Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical changes.


Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Independent

Access Point Number Access Point Title
SC.8.P.9.In.1: Observe and classify changes in matter as physical (reversible) or chemical (irreversible).
SC.8.P.9.In.2: Observe and identify how temperature influences chemical changes.

Supported

Access Point Number Access Point Title
SC.8.P.9.Su.1: Observe and recognize physical changes in matter as able to change back (reversible), such as water to ice, and chemical changes of matter as unable to change back (irreversible), such as cake to cake batter.
SC.8.P.9.Su.2: Observe and recognize changes caused by heat on substances.

Participatory

Access Point Number Access Point Title
SC.8.P.9.Pa.1: Recognize an example of a physical change, such as ice changing to water.
SC.8.P.9.Pa.2: Recognize that heat influences changes (chemical) in matter, such as cooking.
SC.8.P.9.Pa.3: Recognize that heat influences changes (chemical) in matter, such as cooking.


Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
Hot on the Trail:

Investigate how temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions in this interactive tutorial.

Conservation of Mass:

Understand and demonstrate that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes in a closed system with this interactive tutorial.

Physical and Chemical Changes:

Learn to distinguish a physical change from a chemical change in this interactive tutorial.

Learning Goal

Name Description
Colorful Electrolysis:

Electrolysis is the decomposition of a solution by using a electrical current. Chemical changes occur during this process. The electrodes act a conductors where electron transfer take place. The flow of electrons are from the anode (positive electrode-the site of oxidation), to the cathode (negative electrode - site of reduction). Students will explore chemical changes by observing the Electrolysis of potassium iodide, copper (II) bromide, and sodium chloride solutions. Students will use their observations to identify the products formed at the anode and the cathode in the electrolysis of each solution.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Bubbles and Colors and Smells...Oh My! :

In this lesson, students will conduct observational and experimental investigations to differentiate between physical changes and chemical change. Students will make and record observations as well as identify experimental variables. Students will conduct several investigations to help them to understand the differences between chemical and physical changes. Students will record investigative observations and use their observations to provide evidence that a physical or a chemical change has occurred.

Maintaining Mass:

The student will demonstrate that mass is conserved when substances undergo chemical and/or physical changes through experimentation and evaluation of experimentation procedures. Students will be able to analyze the demonstration and provide evidence for or against the law of conservation of mass.Students will first view and then hypothesize, based on their knowledge of the law of conservation of mass, why a teacher demonstration does not seem to prove the law. Students will then explore a modified version of the experiment to determine ways that the teacher demonstration should have been changed to show conservation of mass effectively.

Chemical and Physical Changes in the City:

This is a lesson about chemical and physical changes encountered on a daily basis.

What's Your Change?:

Students will identify the best material to use for playground equipment by analyzing the physical changes that happens to each type.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Physical and Chemical Changes Introductory Lesson:

In this POE lesson, students will explore different visual and verbal representations of physical and chemical changes to predict the definition and indicators of the types of changes, observe the different changes, and explain how their definition compared to that of the class.

Chemical and Physical Change:

This yummy lesson on physical and chemical changes will require students to apply their scientific knowledge to a backyard treat.

The Mystery of Mass:

This lesson is a set of two activities:

  1. The conservation of mass is illustrated during a teacher demonstration of dissolving salt into water. The mass of the system will be calculated before and after the substances are combined so that students can compare them. Students investigate whether mass stays the same, increases, or decreases during the physical change.

  2. Students complete a paper atom and molecule activity showing the connection between a proper balanced equation and the conservation of mass. Students will use paper atom manipulatives to show the relationships between the reactants and products of a chemical reaction. The balancing of a chemical reaction is the conservation of mass in action.
Temperature and Chemical Reactions:

In this lesson students will investigate how temperature influences chemical reactions. Students will conduct an investigation and complete a simulation to determine what is happening at the molecular level of a chemical reaction when there is a change in temperature.

Timing is Everything for Reactions!:

This predict, observe, and explain lesson allows students to investigate the influence of temperature on the rate of reactions. Students will have the opportunity to perform a lab activity that will help them discover that as temperature increases, so does reaction rate. This lesson includes a reaction rate demonstration, probing questions throughout the lesson, a meaningful class discussion, and a final product. Students will use what they've learned in the lab, to apply it everyday examples where reaction rates are influenced by temperatures.

The Nerve to Conserve:

While not explicitly stated in the standard, the idea that the Law of Conservation of Mass is conditional to a closed system and this is the focus of my lesson. This lesson starts with an investigation of seeds growing in a jar with students quickly recording the mass each day for 5 days. On the 5th day, students complete 2 more investigations, half with closed systems and half with open systems. They will compare the final masses and draw conclusions independently and through class discussions about the condition of the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Let's Make a Change!!!:

This lesson has students conduct 11 different experiments, make observations of changes, and determine whether a physical or chemical change has occurred. The experiments allow students to observe different kinds of physical changes (changing state, dissolving, change size) and chemical changes (color change, new substances formed).

Matter Changes but Mass is Saved!:

The focus of this lesson is for students to gain an understanding of how to identify if changes in matter are a physical or chemical change. Also, students will see that the mass before and after a physical and chemical changes will be the same which supports the Law of Conservation of Mass. The lesson consists of teacher demonstrations, student lab activities. a writing activity to support student findings and the creation of presentations for students to share their results and applications of concepts to the real world.

Faster Phizz:

This activity allows students to test the reaction rate of a chemical change using an effervescent tablet in different temperatures of water.

Ch-Ch-Changes!:

This lesson is is used to introduce students to the concepts of physical and chemical changes in substances. The lesson instructs students how to identify which type of change has taken place. The lesson also contains an opportunity for students to produce a substance change and identify this as being a chemical or physical change.

Chemical or Physical Change? That is the Question!:

Students will conduct an investigation on the effect of laundry detergent on water temperature, use technology to graph their data, and determine whether a physical or chemical change occurred. Students will also read articles to gather evidence to write an evidence-based claim using the CLEVER method.

Change or Not - Same Mass:

The students make observations and take the mass of various structures constructed by the teacher. They rearrange the structures and measure the mass again. During the whole class discussion the students come to understand that during a chemical or physical change the mass is conserved.

Law of Conservation of Mass:

In this lesson, students will learn the difference between physical and chemical changes and their relationship to the Law of Conservation of Mass. The major concept that students should learn is that mass is conserved when substances undergo a physical or chemical change (Law of Conservation of Mass).

Tranquilizer Chemistry - Temperature and Reaction Rates:

Students must select a tranquilizer dart to be used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for researching large animals. Next, they must help the US Geological Survey choose a new drilling device. Each projectile has varying characteristics based on the temperature of the chemicals inside. Students must select which temperature lends itself to a reaction suitable for service in animal research or geological studies. Other factors due to temperature come into play as well, such as density and melting point.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Balancing Chemical Equations Using a Visual Aid:

Students will use this kinesthetic activity to further their knowledge regarding balancing chemical equations.

Chemical and Physical Changes Lesson 2 of 4:

At the end of this lesson, students will be able to list the signs of a physical or chemical change and have a high degree of confidence in their ability to recognize them and differentiate between them in daily life.

“It's Time for a Change”:

Physical changes do not change what things are made of, but chemical changes do change what things are made of.

Chemical and Physical Changes Lesson 1 of 4: Used to assess prior knowledge of chemical change and physical change.
** THIS IS LESSON 1 IN A SERIES OF 4 LESSONS. **
Chemical and Physical Changes Lesson 3 of 4:

During a physical change, particles at the microscopic level, re-arrange themselves, but no new substance is formed. During a chemical change, particles are broken apart and the atoms are re-arranged into new particles, thereby forming a new substance.

Conservation of mass lab: This activity may also be used as a demonstration lab, if materials aren't available, time, or other problems exist.
Conserve the Mass: Students work through different activities examining the changes of physical and chemical and how mass is conserved.
Iced:

The students will demonstrate understanding of the Laws of Conservation of Mass by drawing conclusions based on their observations.

Lord of Fries Conservation MEA:

This is an 8th grade MEA. This MEA will ask students to investigate different types of hamburger patties and choose the one that is best for the restaurant. Some of the areas that students will examine is how the hamburger patties undergo a chemical change, but mass is not lost only changed into different substances. They will also investigate how the hamburger patties are chemically changed due to a change in temperature. Students will also be exposed to how the Law of Conservation of Mass is used in our daily lives. For example, cooking a hamburger patty, the mass is not lost but sometimes the juices are separated from the meat. Also, in French fries, matter is not created but cooking oil is absorbed by the fries.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

The Effect of Temperature on Chemical Changes: Students will describe how temperature influences chemical changes.

Content statements:
- Increasing the temperature will cause chemical changes to occur faster.
- Decreasing the temperature will cause chemical changes to occur slower.
Time to Change the Baby!?!?!?: In this open inquiry activity, students will explore what it is that keeps a diaper-wearer "dry" and whether it is chemical change or physical change.
Tip the Scales, Part One: Students will find evidence to support the Law of Conservation of Mass which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed, it only changes form.

Presentation/Slideshow

Name Description
Physical and Chemical Changes Powerpoint:

This PowerPoint covers the basics of physical and chemical properties as well as physical and chemical changes with examples and sections for student involvement.

Teaching Idea

Name Description
Recognizing Chemical Reactions: This resource describes activity that will allow students to observe the effects of a chemical change as opposed to a physical change. It also gives them the opportunity to observe conservation of matter by modeling chemical equations. The main learning objective is the recognition that all chemical reactions create new molecules and that in a chemical reaction the original atoms get rearranged, bonding together in different ways.

Unit/Lesson Sequences

Name Description
Chemical Change Investigations | Inquiry in Action: In this series of 10 investigations, students gain experience with the evidence of chemical change - production of a gas, change in temperature, color change, and formation of a precipitate. Students begin by observing that similar-looking powders can be differentiated by the way they react chemically with certain test liquids. Students then use their chemical tests and observations to identify an unknown powder and, in a follow-up activity, to identify the active ingredients in baking powder. Students continue to explore chemical change by using a thermometer to observe that temperature either increases or decreases during chemical reactions. Then they control these reactions by adjusting the amount of reactants. In another set of activities, students use the color changes of red cabbage indicator to classify substances as acids or bases, neutralize solutions, and compare the relative acidity of two different solutions. Students conclude the investigation by comparing a precipitate to one of the reactants that formed it. Students see that a new substance was created during the chemical reaction. Information and questions about photosynthesis and cellular respiration are included as examples of chemical changes on pages 316-318 of this resource.
Middle School Chemistry Unit | Chapter 6 | Chemical Change: Students explore the concept that chemical reactions involve the breaking of certain bonds between atoms in the reactants, and the rearrangement and rebonding of these atoms to make the products. Students also design tests to investigate how the amount of products and the rate of the reaction can be changed. Students will also explore endothermic and exothermic reactions.

Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
Science Crossword Puzzles: A collection of crossword puzzles that test the knowledge of students about some of the terms, processes, and classifications covered in science topics

Virtual Manipulative

Name Description
Balancing Chemical Equations:

This activity will allow you to practice balancing a chemical equation. You will have to make sure you are following the law of conservation of mass and recognize what can change to balance an equation.
You can:

  • Balance a chemical equation.
  • Recognize that the number of atoms of each element is conserved in a chemical reaction.
  • Describe the difference between coefficients and subscripts in a chemical equation.
  • Translate from symbolic to molecular representation.


Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Title Description
Hot on the Trail:

Investigate how temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions in this interactive tutorial.

Conservation of Mass:

Understand and demonstrate that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes in a closed system with this interactive tutorial.

Physical and Chemical Changes:

Learn to distinguish a physical change from a chemical change in this interactive tutorial.

Video/Audio/Animation

Title Description
Science Crossword Puzzles: A collection of crossword puzzles that test the knowledge of students about some of the terms, processes, and classifications covered in science topics

Virtual Manipulative

Title Description
Balancing Chemical Equations:

This activity will allow you to practice balancing a chemical equation. You will have to make sure you are following the law of conservation of mass and recognize what can change to balance an equation.
You can:

  • Balance a chemical equation.
  • Recognize that the number of atoms of each element is conserved in a chemical reaction.
  • Describe the difference between coefficients and subscripts in a chemical equation.
  • Translate from symbolic to molecular representation.


Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Virtual Manipulative

Title Description
Balancing Chemical Equations:

This activity will allow you to practice balancing a chemical equation. You will have to make sure you are following the law of conservation of mass and recognize what can change to balance an equation.
You can:

  • Balance a chemical equation.
  • Recognize that the number of atoms of each element is conserved in a chemical reaction.
  • Describe the difference between coefficients and subscripts in a chemical equation.
  • Translate from symbolic to molecular representation.