Standard 1 : Learning and Applying Foundational Reading Skills



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General Information

Number: ELA.1.F.1
Title: Learning and Applying Foundational Reading Skills
Type: Standard
Subject: English Language Arts (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 1
Strand: Foundational Skills

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks
Code Description
ELA.1.F.1.1: Locate the title, table of contents, names of author(s) and illustrator(s), and glossary of books.
ELA.1.F.1.2: Demonstrate phonological awareness.
  1. Segment spoken words into initial, medial, and final phonemes, including words with digraphs, blends, and trigraphs. 
  2. Orally blend initial, medial, and final phonemes together to produce a single-syllable word that includes digraphs, blends, or trigraphs.
  3. Blend single-syllable spoken words with at least five phonemes.
  4. Segment single-syllable spoken words with at least five phonemes.
  5. Segment and blend phonemes in multi-syllable spoken words.
Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Phonological awareness only refers to what can be done orally at both the sound and syllabic level. This includes isolating sounds, blending sounds, and orally segmenting words based on syllables. It does not involve print or letter knowledge.
ELA.1.F.1.3: Use knowledge of grade-appropriate phonics and word-analysis skills to decode words accurately. 
  1. Decode words using knowledge of spelling-sound correspondences for common consonant digraphs, trigraphs, and blends. 
  2. Decode simple words with r-controlled vowels.  
  3. Decode and encode regularly spelled one-syllable words. 
  4. Decode words with inflectional endings. 
  5. Decode two-syllable words with regular patterns by breaking the words into syllables. 
  6. Decode words that use final –e and vowel teams to make long-vowel sound. 
Clarifications:

Clarification 1: Phonics refers to the relationship between graphemes (letters or letter combinations) and phonemes (speech sounds).

Clarification 2: Students will decode decodable high frequency words appropriate to the grade level. See 1.F.1.4 and Dolch and Fry word lists. Students will read grade-level appropriate high frequency words, decodable or not, with automaticity.

ELA.1.F.1.4: Read grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate prosody or expression.
  1. Recognize and read with automaticity the grade-level sight words.
Clarifications:
Clarification 1: See Dolch and Fry word lists. 
Clarification 2: Many of the high frequency words at this grade level are either irregularly spelled and therefore not decodable or are temporarily irregular, meaning that students have not yet learned the phonics rule that would enable them to decode the word. Those words that are decodable should be introduced to students using appropriate phonics rules. See 1.F.1.3. Students will read grade-level appropriate high frequency words, decodable or not, with automaticity. 
Clarification 3: See Fluency Norms for grade-level norms. Norms are expressed as words correct per minute (WCPM), a measure that combines accuracy with speed. 
Clarification 4: “Appropriate prosody” refers to pausing patterns during oral reading that reflect the punctuation and meaning of a text. See Sample Oral Reading Fluency Rubrics for prosody. 
Clarification 5: Grade-level texts, for the purposes of fluency, are those within the grade band on quantitative text complexity measures and appropriate in content and qualitative measures.


Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
ELA.1.F.1.AP.1: Locate the title, table of contents, names of author(s) and illustrator(s), and glossary of books with a model.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.2a: Segment spoken words into initial, medial and final phonemes, including words with digraphs, blends and trigraphs.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.2b: Blend initial, medial and final phonemes together to identify or produce a single-syllable word that includes digraphs, blends or trigraphs.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.2c: Blend single-syllable spoken words with at least four phonemes.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.2d: Segment single-syllable spoken words with at least four phonemes.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.2e: Segment and blend phonemes in familiar multi-syllable spoken words.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.3a: Decode words using knowledge of spelling-sound correspondences for common consonant digraphs, trigraphs and blends.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.3b: Decode simple words with r-controlled vowels.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.3c: Decode and encode regularly spelled one-syllable words.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.3d: Decode words with inflectional endings.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.3e: Decode two-syllable words with regular patterns by breaking the words into syllables.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.3f: Decode words that use final -e and vowel teams to make long-vowel sound.
ELA.1.F.1.AP.4a: Recognize and read sight words.


Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Adding -s to vowel –y nouns and verbs, Part 4:

Work with Cam and Cal at their construction company building and decoding vowel -y nouns and verbs with the inflectional endings of -s, in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 4 in a four-part series. Click below to explore other tutorials in this series.

Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Adding -es to Consonant –y words Part 3:

Help Cam and Cal build words with the inflectional ending of -es to nouns and verbs that end in consonant -y, in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 3 in a four-part series. Click below to open the other tutorials in this series.

Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Adding –s and –es to Verbs Part 2:

Help Cam and Cal learn about adding the inflectional endings of -s and -es at their construction site with this interactve tutorial.

This is part 2 in a four-part series. Click below to open the other tutorials in this series.

Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Building Plural Nouns with -s and -es: Part 1:

Come along with Cam and Cal as they build and decode words with the endings of "s" and "es" to nouns in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 1 in a four-part series. Click below to explore other tutorials in this series.

Purposeful Parts: Exploring the Parts of a Book, Part 2:

Explore the parts of a book in this interactive tutorial. Join Li as she learns to locate and use the text features on the title page, table of contents, and glossary in informational books.

This is part 2 of a 2-part series. Click HERE to open Part 1.

Purposeful Parts: Exploring the Parts of a Book, Part 1:

Explore the parts of a book in this interactive tutorial. Join Li as she learns to locate and use the text features on the title page and table of contents in informational books.

This is part 1 of a 2-part series. Click HERE to open Part 2.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Colorful Rhymes:

The students will participate in reading the rhyming story The Crayon Box That Talked and help to generate words that rhyme with colors. Then, students will be able to demonstrate their understanding of rhyming words by completing a sorting activity.

Generating Grammar Gurus:

In this lesson students will participate in reading the books,  A Mink, a Fink, A Skating Rink, To Root, to Toot, to Parachute, and Hairy, Scary, Ordinary and complete a variety of related activities that allow them to learn about and practice their knowledge of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Students will contribute to a class generated grammar chart and complete a grammar sort. Students will also publish their own sentence which will include a noun, verb, and adjective, as well as an illustration to provide detail.

Student Center Activities

Name Description
Phonemic Awareness: Sound Changes:

In this activity, students will substitute specific sounds in words to create new words.

Phonemic Awareness: Word Change:

In this activity, students will delete the second phoneme in an initial blend and select the picture that represents the new word.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Swap:

In this activity, students will decide which phoneme has been changed by comparing two pictures.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Position Sort:

In this activity, students will sort pictures based on the location (initial, medial, final) of phoneme substitution.

Phonemic Awareness: Make It, Find It, Keep It:

In this activity, students will delete initial phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word. In an extension activity, students can segment and count the phonemes in each word and sort by the number of phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Pie:

In this activity, students will delete final phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word.

Phonemic Awareness: What's Left?:

In this activity, students will delete initial phonemes in words and select the picture that represents the new word.

Phonemic Awareness: Break and Make:

In this activity, students will segment and blend phonemes to make words by playing a picture card game.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Split and Say:

In this activity, students will segment and blend phonemes in words using Elkonin boxes.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Challenge:

In this activity, students will segment phonemes in words by playing a counting game.

Phonemic Awareness: The Phoneme Game:

In this activity, students will segment and count phonemes in words while playing a board game.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Counting Sort:

In this activity, students will segment and count phonemes in words and sort by number.

Phonemic Awareness: What's My Word?:

In this activity, students will blend phonemes in words and select the corresponding picture.

Phonemic Awareness: Phoneme Quest:

In this activity, students will isolate initial, medial, and final phonemes by comparing pictures.

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Find:

In this activity, students will isolate final phonemes by listening to words and choosing pictures with the same ending sound.

Phonemic Awareness: Bag-of-Sounds:

In this activity, students will identify initial phonemes in words represented by objects. As an extension, students may also identify the medial and final phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness: Vowel Picture Sort:

In this activity, students will sort pictures based on vowel sounds (long and short).

Phonemic Awareness: Medial Match:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes by playing a card game.

Phonemic Awareness: Medial Phoneme Dominoes:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes by playing dominoes.

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phomeme Pyramid:

In this activity, students will match final phonemes by playing a board game.

Phonemic Awareness: Final Phoneme Memory:

In this activity, students will match final phonemes by playing a memory game.

Phonemic Awareness: Initial Phoneme Picture Sort:

In this activity, students will match initial phonemes by sorting pictures.

Fluency: Computer-Based Reading:

In this activity, students will interact with computer-based fluency passages (teacher-selected).

Fluency: Readers' Theater:

In this activity, students will rehearse and read text using a Readers' Theater format.

Fluency: Express It!:

In this activity, students will read sentences on sentence strips with expression.

Fluency: Choral Reading:

In this activity, students will read text in unison.

Fluency: Repeated Timed Readings:

In this activity, students will time repeated readings of teacher-selected text and record words correct per minute.

Fluency: Partner Reading:

In this activity, students will practice reading fluently by reading teacher-selected text with a partner.

Fluency: Rereading Decodable Text:

In this activity, students will practice rereading decodable text with a partner.

Fluency: Speedy Phrases:

In this activity, students will read phrases containing high frequency words in a timed activity.

Fluency: Word Climb:

In this activity, students will quickly read and match high frequency words on a game board.

Fluency: I Read, You Point:

In this activity, students will quickly identify words on word cards as they are read aloud by a partner.

Fluency: Fast Words:

In this activity, students will quickly read high frequency words on a practice sheet while being timed.

Fluency: Speedy Rime Words:

In this activity, students will quickly read words with the same rime in a timed activity.

Phonics: Compound Word Puzzles:

In this activity, students will form compound words by putting puzzle pieces together.

Phonics: Word Syllable Game:

In this activity, students will count the number of syllables in words while playing a board game.

Phonics: Syllable Closed Sort:

In this activity, students will sort words by the number of syllables.

Phonics: Piece It Together:

In this activity, students will make words from syllable puzzle pieces.

Phonics: Picture It In Syllables:

In this activity, students will combine syllables to form words while playing a matching game.

Phonics: Say and Write Letters:

In this activity, students will orally segment words represented by picture cards and write the corresponding letters on spaces in Elkonin boxes.

Phonics: Flip Manipulating Books:

In this activity, students will blend sounds to make words while manipulating cards in a binder.

Phonics: Vowel Slide:

In this activity, students will blend sounds to make words while manipulating a vowel slide.

Phonics: Silent "e" Changes:

In this activity, students will read words with and without the silent "e" pattern.

Phonics: Canned Sort:

In this activity, students will read and sort words based on long and short vowel sounds.

Phonics: Word Bowling:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a bowling game.

Phonics: Word Memory Game:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a memory game.

Phonics: Word Baseball:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a baseball game.

Phonics: Word Fishing:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while playing a "fishing" game.

Phonics: Word Checkers:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words while they play a checkers game.

Phonics: Sandpaper Words:

In this activity, students will read high frequency words.

Phonics: Make-A-Word:

In this activity, students will segment names of pictures into phonemes and use letters to make each word.

Phonics: Three-In-One:

In this activity, students will use consonant and vowel cards to make words.

Phonics: Letter Cube Blending:

In this activity, students will make words using consonant and vowel cubes.

Phonics: Word Steps:

In this activity, students will make words by manipulating one letter at a time.

Phonics: Vowel Stars:

In this activity, the student will blend sounds of letters to make words.

Phonics: Word Maker Game:

In this activity, students will make words using onset and rime cards.

Phonics: Word Roll-A-Rama:

In this activity, students will make words using onset and rime cubes.

Phonics: Change-A-Word:

In this activity, students will make words by matching and blending onsets and rimes.

Phonics: Word Swat:

In this activity, students will make words by matching and blending onsets and rimes.

Phonics: Rime Closed Sort:

In this activity, students will sort words by rimes.

Phonics: Say It Now:

In this activity, students will make words by selecting various letters (onsets) to complete provided rimes.

Phonics: Picture the Word:

In this activity, students select onsets (initial sounds) to complete words using pictures as clues.

Phonics: Onset and Rime Slide:

In this activity, students will make words using a variety of onsets (including blends and digraphs) and sliding rime strips (including short, long, and variable vowels). They will also determine if the new word is real or nonsense.

Phonological Awareness: Name Changes:

In this activity, the student will manipulate phonemes in words by substituting initial, medial, or final sounds to create a new word.

Phonological Awareness: Drop and Say:

In this activity, the student will manipulate phonemes in words by deleting the beginning or ending sound to create a new word.

Phonological Awareness: Picture Slide:

In this activity, the student will segment and blend phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Treasure Chest:

In this activity, the student will segment and blend phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Phoneme Feud:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Spin:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: The Sound Game:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Phoneme Hopscotch:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Phoneme Closed Sort:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words and sort the words (picture cards) based on the number of phonemes. As an extension activity, the student can also sort picture cards based on the number of syllables in the word.

Phonological Awareness: Phoneme Photos:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Say and Slide Phonemes:

In this activity, the student will segment phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Quest:

In this activity, the student will isolate initial, final, and medial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Move and Tell:

In this activity, the student will isolate medial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: The Last Sound Is...:

In this activity, students will use final sound clues to identify objects.

Phonological Awareness: See It – Sound It:

In this activity, the student will identify initial phonemes in words. As an extension activity, students can also identify the final sound in words and count the syllables in each word.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Pictures and Picture Puzzles:

In this activity, the student will match medial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Bags:

In this activity, students will match medial phonemes in words. As an extension, students can also match objects with the same initial or final sounds. 

Phonological Awareness: Sound Pie:

In this activity, the student will match final phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Final Sound Match-Up:

In this activity, the student will match final phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound It–Bag It:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Phoneme Dominoes:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Phoneme Go Fish:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Pack-A-Backpack:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Train:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Snacker - Sound Smacker:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Guessing Game:

In this activity, the student will manipulate onsets and rimes in words.

Phonological Awareness: Sound Detective:

In this activity, the student will segment and blend onsets and rimes in words. The student will also match rimes by identifying rhyming words.

Phonological Awareness: Rime House:

In this activity, students will segment and blend onsets and rimes in words. They will also match words with the same rime (rhyming words).

Phonological Awareness: Quick Pick:

In this activity, the student will segment and blend onsets and rimes in words. As an extension, the student will produce a rhyming word to match the picture.

Phonological Awareness: Syllable Say:

In this activity, the student will segment and blend syllables in words.

Phonological Awareness: Syllable Graph:

In this activity, the student will segment syllables in words.

Phonological Awareness: One Card Out:

In this activity, the student will match initial phonemes in words.



Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Title Description
Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Adding -s to vowel –y nouns and verbs, Part 4:

Work with Cam and Cal at their construction company building and decoding vowel -y nouns and verbs with the inflectional endings of -s, in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 4 in a four-part series. Click below to explore other tutorials in this series.

Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Adding -es to Consonant –y words Part 3:

Help Cam and Cal build words with the inflectional ending of -es to nouns and verbs that end in consonant -y, in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 3 in a four-part series. Click below to open the other tutorials in this series.

Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Adding –s and –es to Verbs Part 2:

Help Cam and Cal learn about adding the inflectional endings of -s and -es at their construction site with this interactve tutorial.

This is part 2 in a four-part series. Click below to open the other tutorials in this series.

Cam and Cal’s Construction Company: Building Plural Nouns with -s and -es: Part 1:

Come along with Cam and Cal as they build and decode words with the endings of "s" and "es" to nouns in this interactive tutorial.

This is part 1 in a four-part series. Click below to explore other tutorials in this series.

Purposeful Parts: Exploring the Parts of a Book, Part 2:

Explore the parts of a book in this interactive tutorial. Join Li as she learns to locate and use the text features on the title page, table of contents, and glossary in informational books.

This is part 2 of a 2-part series. Click HERE to open Part 1.

Purposeful Parts: Exploring the Parts of a Book, Part 1:

Explore the parts of a book in this interactive tutorial. Join Li as she learns to locate and use the text features on the title page and table of contents in informational books.

This is part 1 of a 2-part series. Click HERE to open Part 2.