|
Generated on 9/17/2025 at 5:12 PM |
The webpage this document was printed/exported from can be found at the following URL:
https://www.cpalms.org/PreviewIdea/Preview/1436
https://www.cpalms.org/PreviewIdea/Preview/1436
Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.
Standard 3 : Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication. (Supporting Cluster)Archived
Cluster Standards
This cluster includes the following benchmarks.
Visit the specific benchmark webpage to find related instructional resources.
- MAFS.2.OA.3.3 : Determine whether a group of objects (up to 20) has an odd or even number of members, e.g., by pairing objects or counting them by 2s; write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends.
- MAFS.2.OA.3.4 : Use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in rectangular arrays with up to 5 rows and up to 5 columns; write an equation to express the total as a sum of equal addends.
Cluster Information
Number:
MAFS.2.OA.3
Title:
Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication. (Supporting Cluster)
Type:
Cluster
Subject:
Mathematics - Archived
Grade:
2
Domain-Subdomain
Operations and Algebraic Thinking
Cluster Access Points
This cluster includes the following Access Points.
- MAFS.2.OA.3.AP.3a : Identify a group of fewer than 10 objects as odd or even.
- MAFS.2.OA.3.AP.4a : Find the total number inside an array with the number of objects in each column or rows not larger than four.
- MAFS.2.OA.3.AP.4b : Represent an array with numbers up to four rows and four columns.
Cluster Resources
Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.
Original Student Tutorials
- Destinee Dragon’s Donut Troubles: Arrays: Help Destinee use arrays and repeated addition to find how many donuts that she has in this interactive tutorial.
- Beach Buddies: Even or Odd? : Come explore even and odd numbers of objects and learn to determine if a group of objects has an even or odd number in this beach-themed, interactive tutorial.
Formative Assessments
- Counting By Rows or Columns: Students are asked to make an array from pennies and then skip count to find the total number of pennies and write an addition equation to represent the array.
- All Your Penguins in a Row: Students are asked count by rows or columns to determine the total number in an array and then write an addition equation to represent the array.
- Writing an Equal Addends Equation: Students are asked to write an equal addends equation that corresponds to a given array.
- Counting an Array: Students are asked to find the total number of objects in a 3 x 4 array.
- Showing a Collection as Odd or Even: Students are asked to determine if each of two collections has an odd or even number of objects, and to explain how they made their decisions.
- How Do You Know if a Number is Even or Odd?: Students are asked to determine if a given number is even or odd.
- Is it Even or Odd?: Students are asked to determine if a given number is even or odd.
- Even Numbers as the Sum of Two Equal Addends: Students are asked to write even numbers within 20 as the sum of two equal addends.
Lesson Plans
- Is It Odd or Even?: This lesson will introduce students to the concept of odd and even numbers. The lesson will show that objects that can be grouped by 2's (in pairs) represent even numbers and objects that cannot be grouped in pairs (have 1 left over) represent odd numbers. The lesson will also address two-digit numbers (up to 20) to show that the place value of the number in the ones place determines whether a two-digit number is odd or even.
- Hooray Equal Groups: Students will learn how to represent and count equal groups through the use of literature and situational story problems. Using the book Each Orange Had 8 Slices, students will use manipulatives to find the total number of objects in a collection of equal groups. Students will learn to write corresponding repeated addition equations.
- "Even" and "Odd" Go on a Picnic: In this lesson, the class will be guided through representing even numbers using two equal groups and odd numbers as two equal groups with one left over. Students will explore various strategies for representing numbers that are even or odd based on whether they can be divided into two equal teams for a kickball game or whether everyone will have a buddy to pair up with on the picnic. Students will explore writing addition expressions to represent even numbers as two equal addends and odd numbers as two equal addends plus 1.
- Which Rectangle is Bigger?: Students will learn how to partition rectangles into equal parts and write equations to represent the parts. They will gain a basic understanding of area from the book Bigger, Better, BEST! by Stuart J. Murphy.
- Déjà Vu Addition, 2 plus 2 plus 2: This lesson illustrates that when you have a rectangular array of objects, you can determine the sum of the objects by using a repeated addition equation. This builds a foundation for multiplication.
- Odds and Evens Dodgeball: Students will create groups of objects to determine if a number is even or odd.
- Framing Odd and Even Numbers to Make an Even Odd Street: In this lesson, students will determine if numbers 0-20 are even or odd. Students will begin to develop the understanding that place value (specifically the ones place) will be useful in determining whether a number is even or odd.
- Array Addition: This is a lesson in which students will practice making rectangular arrays and writing equations, with and without story problems, using repeated addition to find the total number of objects in each array. This lesson is designed to help prepare students for multiplication.
- I Array + You Array = Arrays!: An engaging activity that includes using repeated addition to find the total number of objects in equal groups and representing the total number of objects using arrays and equations.
- Odds and Evens: This resource helps students identify numbers as odd or even using a variety of methods including creating pairs, skip counting by two’s, using number lines, and arrays. It also leads them to understand that all even numbers can be written as a sum of equal addends and odds can be written as the sum of equal addends plus one.
This resource can be conducted as one lesson or can be spread over multiple mini sessions if needed as noted within this resource as Lesson 1 and Lesson 2.
Problem-Solving Tasks
- Red and Blue Tiles: This task is specifically written so that students have opportunities to use different strategies to determine whether a set has an even or odd number of objects.
- Delayed Gratification: The purpose of this task is for students to compare two options for a prize where the value of one is given $2 at a time, giving them an opportunity to "work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication." This context also provides students with an introduction to the concept of delayed gratification, or resisting an immediate reward and waiting for a later reward, while working with money.
- Counting Dots in Arrays: Students who work on this task will benefit in seeing that given a quantity, there is often more than one way to represent it, which is a precursor to understanding the concept of equivalent expressions. This particular question also lays a foundation for students to understand the commutative property of multiplication in third grade. This task would be much more valuable if included in an appropriate place in an instructional sequence than as an isolated task.
Unit/Lesson Sequence
- Building a Community: This is a Project Based Learning Unit that includes research for community members and citizens. It also includes making and analyzing arrays, and making a presentation.