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- Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).
- Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.
- Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
-
Item Type(s):
This benchmark may be assessed using:
TM
,
EBSR
,
MS
,
MC
,
OR
,
GR
,
SHT
item(s)
Assessed with: LAFS.910.RL.2.4, LAFS.910.L.3.5
- Assessment Limits :
Items should not focus on dictionary word meanings but should focus on how the words and phrases function within the context of the passage. Items should focus on words and phrases that have figurative or evocative meanings central to the meaning of the text rather than isolated, incidental vocabulary. Items may ask students to employ various strategies to explore meaning, including the application of context clues, roots, or affixes. Items may require students to make connections between words and to delve into figurative or connotative meanings. - Text Types :
Items assessing these standards may be used with one or more grade-appropriate literary texts. Texts may vary in complexity. - Response Mechanisms :
The Technology-Enhanced Item Descriptions section on pages 3 and 4 provides a list of Response Mechanisms that may be used to assess these standards (excluding the Editing Task Choice and Editing Task item types). The Sample Response Mechanisms may include, but are not limited to, the examples below. - Task Demand and Sample Response Mechanisms :
Task Demand
Determine the meaning of words or phrases, using context as a clue.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Multiple Choice
- Requires the student to select a word or phrase that provides context for determining the meaning of a word.
Multiselect
- Requires the student to select multiple words or phrases that provide context for determining the meaning of a word.
EBSR
- Requires the student to select a word’s or phrase’s meaning and then to select context clues from the text to support the meaning.
Selectable Hot Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that act as context clues when determining another word’s meaning.
- Requires the student to select the meaning of a word or phrase and then to select context clues from the text to support the meaning.
Task Demand
Analyze the impact of word choice on the text’s meaning or tone.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Multiple Choice
- Requires the student to select the correct analysis of how a word or phrase affects the meaning or tone of a text.
Open Response
- Requires the student to explain in one or two sentences the impact of figurative words or phrases on meaning or tone.
EBSR
- Requires the student to select the text’s meaning or tone and then to select words from the text that support that meaning or tone.
Open Response
- Requires the student to explain how the impact of word choice affects the text’s meaning or tone.
Task Demand
Identify patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Multiple Choice
- Requires the student to select the correct word that would fit the meaning or part of speech in the text.
GRID
- Requires the student to match patterns of word changes with different meanings or parts of speech.
Task Demand
Interpret the meaning of figurative language in context and analyze its role in the text.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Selectable Hot Text
- Requires the student to select a correct description of the meaning of figurative language and then to select a description of the effect this figurative language has on a larger section of the text.
EBSR
- Requires the student to select a correct description of the meaning of figurative language and then to select a description of the effect this figurative language has on a larger section of the text.
GRID
- Requires the student to match examples of figurative language with their meanings and then to match these examples with the effects they create within the text as a whole.
Task Demand
Analyze nuances in meaning of words with similar denotations.
Sample Response Mechanisms
Multiple Choice
- Requires the student to demonstrate understanding of nuances in word meaning by identifying words that play similar roles or have similar connotative meanings.
Selectable Hot Text
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that show the meaning of words used in the text.
- Requires the student to select words or phrases from the text that provide support for the differential meaning of words with similar denotations.
Related Courses
Related Access Points
Related Resources
Lesson Plans
Original Student Tutorials
Teaching Idea
Unit/Lesson Sequences
Video/Audio/Animation
Original Student Tutorials for Language Arts - Grades 6-12
Read and examine Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address in this interactive tutorial. First, you'll practice using context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in the famous text. Next, you'll analyze Lincoln's specific word choice throughout the speech and examine how it conveys his tone or attitude.
Learn several ways to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words, including context clues, word parts, and dictionary skills. In this interactive tutorial, you'll apply these strategies to text passages from John Muir's book A Thousand-mile Walk to the Gulf, which includes vivid descriptions of Florida in the late 1800s.
Learn how to transform words into other words, including nouns into verbs, verbs into adjectives, adjectives into adverbs, and much more with this interactive tutorial.
Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in an informational text about the Bermuda Triangle in this three-part interactive tutorial. In Part 1, you'll practice determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary using context clues and dictionary skills.
Click below to complete all three parts!
Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in an informational text about the Bermuda Triangle in this three-part interactive tutorial. In Part 3, you'll practice determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary using context clues and dictionary skills.
Click below to open the first two parts.
Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in an informational text about the Bermuda Triangle in this three-part interactive tutorial. In Part 2, you'll practice determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary using context clues and dictionary skills.
Click below to complete all three parts!
Learn how to identify context clues in a nonfiction text to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. In this interactive tutorial, you'll read excerpts from Patrick Henry's "Speech to the Virginia Convention." You'll learn strategies for applying context clues to make predictions about the meanings of unfamiliar words. Finally, you'll practice using dictionary entries to confirm your predictions of unfamiliar word meanings.
Acquire new vocabulary through this interactive tutorial. You'll learn definitions for 15 new words, as well as their parts of speech, their synonyms and antonyms, and you'll practice using them in context.
Acquire new vocabulary through this interactive tutorial. You'll learn definitions for 15 new words, as well as their parts of speech, their synonyms and antonyms, and you'll practice using them in context.
Review strategies for acquiring new vocabulary and then learn fifteen new words in this interactive tutorial. You'll also practice using the words in a variety of ways to help you add them to your vocabulary.
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words in this interactive tutorial! You'll practice the words' synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in order to add them to your vocabulary.
Learn to use context clues, including synonyms, antonyms, and inferences, to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in this interactive tutorial.
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorials
Learn 12 new academic vocabulary words in this interactive tutorial! You'll practice the words' synonyms, antonyms, parts of speech, and context clues in order to add them to your vocabulary.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in an informational text about the Bermuda Triangle in this three-part interactive tutorial. In Part 2, you'll practice determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary using context clues and dictionary skills.
Click below to complete all three parts!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in an informational text about the Bermuda Triangle in this three-part interactive tutorial. In Part 3, you'll practice determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary using context clues and dictionary skills.
Click below to open the first two parts.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in an informational text about the Bermuda Triangle in this three-part interactive tutorial. In Part 1, you'll practice determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary using context clues and dictionary skills.
Click below to complete all three parts!
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn how to transform words into other words, including nouns into verbs, verbs into adjectives, adjectives into adverbs, and much more with this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Acquire new vocabulary through this interactive tutorial. You'll learn definitions for 15 new words, as well as their parts of speech, their synonyms and antonyms, and you'll practice using them in context.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Acquire new vocabulary through this interactive tutorial. You'll learn definitions for 15 new words, as well as their parts of speech, their synonyms and antonyms, and you'll practice using them in context.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Review strategies for acquiring new vocabulary and then learn fifteen new words in this interactive tutorial. You'll also practice using the words in a variety of ways to help you add them to your vocabulary.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn several ways to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words, including context clues, word parts, and dictionary skills. In this interactive tutorial, you'll apply these strategies to text passages from John Muir's book A Thousand-mile Walk to the Gulf, which includes vivid descriptions of Florida in the late 1800s.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Read and examine Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address in this interactive tutorial. First, you'll practice using context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in the famous text. Next, you'll analyze Lincoln's specific word choice throughout the speech and examine how it conveys his tone or attitude.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn how to identify context clues in a nonfiction text to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. In this interactive tutorial, you'll read excerpts from Patrick Henry's "Speech to the Virginia Convention." You'll learn strategies for applying context clues to make predictions about the meanings of unfamiliar words. Finally, you'll practice using dictionary entries to confirm your predictions of unfamiliar word meanings.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Learn to use context clues, including synonyms, antonyms, and inferences, to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in this interactive tutorial.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
