MAFS.1.OA.3.6Archived Standard

Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 – 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).
General Information
Subject Area: Mathematics
Grade: 1
Domain-Subdomain: Operations and Algebraic Thinking
Cluster: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts
Cluster: Add and subtract within 20. (Major Cluster) -

Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/14
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived

Related Courses

This benchmark is part of these courses.
5012030: Mathematics - Grade One (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7712020: Access Mathematics Grade 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
5012005: Foundational Skills in Mathematics K-2 (Specifically in versions: 2019 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Educational Game

Underwater Subtraction:

Dive deep with this fun subtraction facts game. Correctly answer the math facts and capture pictures of sea creatures! Choose to focus on one fact family or practice them all!

Type: Educational Game

Educational Software / Tool

Grouping and Grazing:

This interactive Flash applet helps children learn grouping, tally marks, place value, addition, and subtraction. Students help the alien spaceship move cows into corrals by counting by 5s and 10s. They also can apply those grouping skills to practice adding and subtracting two-digit numbers with regrouping. Audio cues and prompts reinforce the user's actions and facilitate counting and the development of math language.

Type: Educational Software / Tool

Formative Assessments

Using Addition and Subtraction Strategies:

Students solve two problems, each in more than one way, and are encouraged to use more sophisticated strategies.

Type: Formative Assessment

Ways to Solve A Problem:

Students are encouraged to use more sophisticated strategies to solve a part-part-whole problem.

Type: Formative Assessment

Use Strategies to Add and Subtract:

Students solve addition and subtraction problems by making tens, using a known fact, and by using a subtraction fact.

Type: Formative Assessment

More Than One Way to Solve a Problem:

Students solve an addition and a subtraction problem in more than one way.

Type: Formative Assessment

Lesson Plans

Duck Addition:

Students will listen to the book, Quack and Count by Keith Baker, and use the information in the book along with manipulatives to create addition equations. Students will then relate the addition equation to a subtraction equation. Specifically, students will be working on creating the addition and related subtraction facts with the number combinations for 7.

Type: Lesson Plan

Show What You Know: Addition and Subtraction Strategies Project:

This project is to be used at the end of the school year once all the addition and subtraction strategies have been taught. This is a review of the strategies and is an excellent way for students to show what they know about their understanding of addition and subtraction strategies.

Type: Lesson Plan

Think Addition and Make a Ten to Subtract:

This lesson will teach students a strategy to subtract one-digit numbers from teen numbers by thinking addition and making-a-ten using double ten frames and two-color counters. This lesson supports previous work with restating subtraction problems as missing addend problems.

Type: Lesson Plan

Show It Another Way:

In this lesson, students will apply properties of addition in order to add three whole numbers. Students will then decompose the sum using tens and ones.

Type: Lesson Plan

Using the "Make-a-Ten" Strategy to Add:

In this lesson, students will use the "make-a-ten" strategy to add two whole numbers within 20. Students will utilize a ten frame and 2-color counters to complete this activity.

Type: Lesson Plan

Creature Island:

This lesson outlines a game that is a fun and engaging to practice the make a ten strategy, within 20.

Type: Lesson Plan

Sums of Ten Pyramid:

In this lesson, students will play a card game to practice finding pairs of numbers that make 10 when added.

Type: Lesson Plan

Solving Word Problems Using Story Structure:

In this lesson, students will learn how to use their knowledge of beginning, middle, and end to solve word problems that include result unknown, change unknown, and start unknown. They will learn how to use a modified story map to write an equation to represent the problem.

Type: Lesson Plan

Dangerous Doubles (Doubling Numbers):

This lesson teaches students to use the strategy doubling numbers and doubles plus or minus one in order to use mental math to add one-digit numbers. The students are engaged in learning through the read-aloud of "Double the Ducks" by Stephen Murphy and then get to work with a partner to draw doubles and write equations that relate to their drawings. Students individually work on solving word problems using these strategies and manipulatives as necessary to solve.

Type: Lesson Plan

Problem-Solving Tasks

$20 Dot Map:

The language for this task is written above a 1st grade reading level, so it will need to be introduced verbally by the teacher. This problem helps students to practice adding three numbers whose sum are 20 or less. It is an open-ended problem with many solutions.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Making a ten:

This task is designed to help students visualize where the 10's are on a single digit addition table and explain why this is so. This knowledge can then be used to help them learn the addition table.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Teaching Idea

Fact of the Day:

This article proposes a structured set of lively, brief, daily exercises designed to help children master number facts and mental math skills. Each day's practice focuses on a small, highly focused, manageable, and strategically selected set of facts or skills that builds directly on the previous days' learning. Related resources (Practice and videos) are cataloged separately.

Type: Teaching Idea

Tutorial

Change Unknown - 3 + ? = 10:

In this tutorial, you will learn to find the unknown change in an equation with a sum of 10: 3 + ? = 10.

Type: Tutorial

Virtual Manipulative

Math Match - Concepts Review Game:

This interactive game allows students to review math concepts, including shapes, shape names, addition, multiplication, negative numbers, and equivalent expressions.

Type: Virtual Manipulative

MFAS Formative Assessments

More Than One Way to Solve a Problem:

Students solve an addition and a subtraction problem in more than one way.

Use Strategies to Add and Subtract:

Students solve addition and subtraction problems by making tens, using a known fact, and by using a subtraction fact.

Using Addition and Subtraction Strategies:

Students solve two problems, each in more than one way, and are encouraged to use more sophisticated strategies.

Ways to Solve A Problem:

Students are encouraged to use more sophisticated strategies to solve a part-part-whole problem.

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Educational Game

Underwater Subtraction:

Dive deep with this fun subtraction facts game. Correctly answer the math facts and capture pictures of sea creatures! Choose to focus on one fact family or practice them all!

Type: Educational Game

Educational Software / Tool

Grouping and Grazing:

This interactive Flash applet helps children learn grouping, tally marks, place value, addition, and subtraction. Students help the alien spaceship move cows into corrals by counting by 5s and 10s. They also can apply those grouping skills to practice adding and subtracting two-digit numbers with regrouping. Audio cues and prompts reinforce the user's actions and facilitate counting and the development of math language.

Type: Educational Software / Tool

Tutorial

Change Unknown - 3 + ? = 10:

In this tutorial, you will learn to find the unknown change in an equation with a sum of 10: 3 + ? = 10.

Type: Tutorial

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Educational Software / Tool

Grouping and Grazing:

This interactive Flash applet helps children learn grouping, tally marks, place value, addition, and subtraction. Students help the alien spaceship move cows into corrals by counting by 5s and 10s. They also can apply those grouping skills to practice adding and subtracting two-digit numbers with regrouping. Audio cues and prompts reinforce the user's actions and facilitate counting and the development of math language.

Type: Educational Software / Tool

Problem-Solving Tasks

$20 Dot Map:

The language for this task is written above a 1st grade reading level, so it will need to be introduced verbally by the teacher. This problem helps students to practice adding three numbers whose sum are 20 or less. It is an open-ended problem with many solutions.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Making a ten:

This task is designed to help students visualize where the 10's are on a single digit addition table and explain why this is so. This knowledge can then be used to help them learn the addition table.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Tutorial

Change Unknown - 3 + ? = 10:

In this tutorial, you will learn to find the unknown change in an equation with a sum of 10: 3 + ? = 10.

Type: Tutorial