Standard #: MAFS.912.G-SRT.3.8 (Archived Standard)


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Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems.


General Information

Subject Area: Mathematics
Grade: 912
Domain-Subdomain: Geometry: Similarity, Right Triangles, & Trigonometry
Cluster: Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. (Geometry - Major Cluster) -

Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/14
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived
Assessed: Yes

Test Item Specifications

    Also assesses:

    MAFS.912.G-SRT.3.6

    MAFS.912.G-SRT.3.7

    Assessment Limits :
    Items will assess only sine, cosine, and tangent to determine the
    length of a side or an angle measure.
    Calculator :

    Neutral

    Clarification :
    Students will use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem
    to solve right triangles in applied problems.

    Students will use similarity to explain the definition of trigonometric
    ratios for acute angles.

    Students will explain the relationship between sine and cosine of
    complementary angles.

    Students will use the relationship between sine and cosine of
    complementary angles.

    Stimulus Attributes :
    For G-SRT.3.8, items must be set in a real-world context.

    For G-SRT.3.6 and G-SRT.3.7, items must be set in a mathematical
    context.

    For G-SRT.3.8, items may require the student to apply the basic
    modeling cycle.

    Response Attributes :
    Items may require the student to find equivalent ratios.

    Items may require the student to use or choose the correct unit of
    measure.

    Multiple-choice options may be written as a trigonometric equation.

    Equation Editor items may require the student to use the inverse
    trigonometric function to write an expression.



Sample Test Items (1)

Test Item # Question Difficulty Type
Sample Item 1

In the 1990s, engineers restored the building so that angle y changed from 5.5º to 3.99º.

To the nearest hundredth of a meter, how much did the restoration change the height of the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

N/A EE: Equation Editor


Related Courses

Course Number1111 Course Title222
1200400: Foundational Skills in Mathematics 9-12 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1202340: Precalculus Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1211300: Trigonometry Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
1206310: Geometry (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1206320: Geometry Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1206315: Geometry for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7912065: Access Geometry (Specifically in versions: 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))


Related Resources

Formative Assessments

Name Description
Washington Monument

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Step Up

Students are asked to explain the relationship among angles in a diagram involving a right triangle and to find one angle of the right triangle.

River Width

Students are asked to find an unknown length in a real world context requiring right triangle trigonometry.

Perilous Plunge

Students are asked to find an unknown length in a real world context requiring right triangle trigonometry.

Lighthouse Keeper

Students are asked to find the difference between two lengths in a real world context requiring right triangle trigonometry.

Holiday Lights

Students are asked to solve a problem in a real world context requiring the use of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Will It Fit?

Students are asked to solve a problem in a real world context using the Pythagorean Theorem.

TV Size

Students are asked to solve a problem in a real world context requiring the use of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
The Seven Circles Water Fountain

Students will apply concepts related to circles, angles, area, and circumference to a design situation.

Discovering Trigonometric Ratios

Students investigate and discover trigonometric ratios by drawing and measuring side lengths for five triangles that have equivalent angle measure. Students collect, analyze, and discuss data to draw conclusions. This is the introductory lesson to facilitate student discovery of trigonometric ratios and allows students to secure a solid foundation before the use of trigonometry to find missing sides. This lesson has students solving application problems by finding an unknown angle based on length measurements.

The Copernicus' Travel

This lesson uses Inverse Trigonometric Ratios to find acute angle measures in right triangles. Students will analyze the given information and determine the best method to use when solving right triangles. The choices reviewed are Trigonometric Ratios, The Pythagorean Theorem, and Special Right Triangles.

The Trig Song

This lesson is a group project activity designed to reinforce the concepts of sine and cosine. The lesson begins with a spiral review of the concepts, which will move into the group project - writing an original song to demonstrate understanding and application of sine and cosine ratios.

How Tall am I?

Students will determine the height of tall objects using three different calculation methods. They will work in groups to gather their data and perform calculations. A whole-class discussion is conducted at the end to compare results and discuss some of the possible errors.

Solving Quadratic Equations: Cutting Corners This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to solve quadratics in one variable. In particular, the lesson will help you identify and help students who have the following difficulties; making sense of a real life situation and deciding on the math to apply to the problem, solving quadratic equations by taking square roots, completing the square, using the quadratic formula, and factoring, and interpreting results in the context of a real life situation.
Splash and Learn

Students will utilize their knowledge about projectiles to devise a method to launch a water balloon so that it lands on a 1 meter square cloth target at least 25 meters away. If they hit the target with the balloon (not just splash a few drops on it), they receive extra credit on the lab.

Are You Pulling My Trig?

This lesson is an introduction of the application of trigonometric ratios. Students will solve real-world word problems using trigonometric ratios of sine, cosine and tangent.

Pythagoras - You Clever Dog

This lesson starts with an introduction of the Pythagorean Theorem. It introduces vocabulary, formulas and concepts related to right triangles and the use of the Pythagorean Theorem in the real world. Students will learn the basics through real world application.

Let's Get "Triggy"

This lesson helps students discover trigonometric ratios and how to apply them to find the measure of sides and angles of a right triangle.  Students will think about problems, discuss concepts with a partner and then share ideas with the class. Students will collaborate and offer supportive coaching to help deepen each other’s understanding.

Survey Says... We're Using TRIG!

This lesson is meant as a review after being taught basic trigonometric functions. It will allow students to see and solve problems from a real-world setting. The Perspectives video presents math being used in the real-world as a multimedia enhancement to this lesson. Students will find this review lesson interesting and fun.

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Around the World with Right Triangles

Learn how to use trigonometric ratios to find the heights of famous monuments and solve a real-world application in this interactive tutorial.

Perspectives Video: Expert

Name Description
Oceanography & Math

A discussion describing ocean currents studied by a physical oceanographer and how math is involved. 

Presentation/Slideshow

Name Description
The Pythagorean Theorem: Geometry’s Most Elegant Theorem

This lesson teaches students about the history of the Pythagorean theorem, along with proofs and applications. It is geared toward high school Geometry students that have completed a year of Algebra and addresses the following national standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning: 1) Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships; 2) Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems; 3) Understand and apply basic and advanced properties of the concepts of geometry; and 4) Use the Pythagorean theorem and its converse and properties of special right triangles to solve mathematical and real-world problems. The video portion is about thirty minutes, and with breaks could be completed in 50 minutes. (You may consider completing over two classes, particularly if you want to allow more time for activities or do some of the enrichment material). These activities could be done individually, in pairs, or groups. I think 2 or 3 students is optimal. The materials required for the activities include scissors, tape, string and markers.

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
Coins in a circular pattern

Using a chart of diameters of different denominations of coins, students are asked to figure out how many coins fit around a central coin. (For this task, United States coins are used, but the task can be adapted for coins from other countries.)

Finding the area of an equilateral triangle

This problem solving task asks students to find the area of an equilateral triangle. Various solutions are presented that include the Pythagoren theorem and trigonometric functions.

Mt. Whitney to Death Valley

This task engages students in an open-ended modeling task that uses similarity of right triangles.

The Shortest Line Segment from Point P to Line L

This is a foundational geometry task designed to provide a route for students to develop some fundamental geometric properties that may seem rather obvious at first glance. In this case, the fundamental property in question is that the shortest path from a point to a line meets the line at a right angle which is crucial for many further developments in the subject.

Seven Circles III

This provides an opportunity to model a concrete situation with mathematics. Once a representative picture of the situation described in the problem is drawn (the teacher may provide guidance here as necessary), the solution of the task requires an understanding of the definition of the sine function.

Setting Up Sprinklers

This modeling task involves several different types of geometric knowledge and problem-solving: finding areas of sectors of circles, using trigonometric ratios to solve right triangles, and decomposing a complicated figure involving multiple circular arcs into parts whose areas can be found.

Neglecting the Curvature of the Earth

This task applies geometric concepts, namely properties of tangents to circles and of right triangles, in a modeling situation. The key geometric point in this task is to recognize that the line of sight from the mountain top towards the horizon is tangent to the earth. We can then use a right triangle where one leg is tangent to a circle and the other leg is the radius of the circle to investigate this situation.

Teaching Idea

Name Description
Measuring the Distance to Nearby Stars Using Parallax

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Tutorials

Name Description
Using Trigonometry to solve for missing information

This tutorial will show students how to use trigonometry to solve for missing information in right triangles. This video shows worked examples using trigonometric ratios to solve for missing information and evaluate other trigonometric ratios.

Basic Trigonometry

This tutorial gives an introduction to trigonometry. This resource discusses the three basic trigonometry functions, sine, cosine, and tangent.

Projectile at an angle

This video discusses how to figure out the horizontal displacement for a projectile launched at an angle.

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Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
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Virtual Manipulative

Name Description
Demonstrate the Pythagorean Theorem Representation to illustrate the Pythagorean Theorem.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Around the World with Right Triangles:

Learn how to use trigonometric ratios to find the heights of famous monuments and solve a real-world application in this interactive tutorial.

Presentation/Slideshow

Name Description
The Pythagorean Theorem: Geometry’s Most Elegant Theorem:

This lesson teaches students about the history of the Pythagorean theorem, along with proofs and applications. It is geared toward high school Geometry students that have completed a year of Algebra and addresses the following national standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning: 1) Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships; 2) Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems; 3) Understand and apply basic and advanced properties of the concepts of geometry; and 4) Use the Pythagorean theorem and its converse and properties of special right triangles to solve mathematical and real-world problems. The video portion is about thirty minutes, and with breaks could be completed in 50 minutes. (You may consider completing over two classes, particularly if you want to allow more time for activities or do some of the enrichment material). These activities could be done individually, in pairs, or groups. I think 2 or 3 students is optimal. The materials required for the activities include scissors, tape, string and markers.

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
Coins in a circular pattern:

Using a chart of diameters of different denominations of coins, students are asked to figure out how many coins fit around a central coin. (For this task, United States coins are used, but the task can be adapted for coins from other countries.)

Finding the area of an equilateral triangle:

This problem solving task asks students to find the area of an equilateral triangle. Various solutions are presented that include the Pythagoren theorem and trigonometric functions.

Mt. Whitney to Death Valley:

This task engages students in an open-ended modeling task that uses similarity of right triangles.

The Shortest Line Segment from Point P to Line L:

This is a foundational geometry task designed to provide a route for students to develop some fundamental geometric properties that may seem rather obvious at first glance. In this case, the fundamental property in question is that the shortest path from a point to a line meets the line at a right angle which is crucial for many further developments in the subject.

Seven Circles III:

This provides an opportunity to model a concrete situation with mathematics. Once a representative picture of the situation described in the problem is drawn (the teacher may provide guidance here as necessary), the solution of the task requires an understanding of the definition of the sine function.

Setting Up Sprinklers:

This modeling task involves several different types of geometric knowledge and problem-solving: finding areas of sectors of circles, using trigonometric ratios to solve right triangles, and decomposing a complicated figure involving multiple circular arcs into parts whose areas can be found.

Neglecting the Curvature of the Earth:

This task applies geometric concepts, namely properties of tangents to circles and of right triangles, in a modeling situation. The key geometric point in this task is to recognize that the line of sight from the mountain top towards the horizon is tangent to the earth. We can then use a right triangle where one leg is tangent to a circle and the other leg is the radius of the circle to investigate this situation.

Tutorials

Name Description
Using Trigonometry to solve for missing information:

This tutorial will show students how to use trigonometry to solve for missing information in right triangles. This video shows worked examples using trigonometric ratios to solve for missing information and evaluate other trigonometric ratios.

Basic Trigonometry:

This tutorial gives an introduction to trigonometry. This resource discusses the three basic trigonometry functions, sine, cosine, and tangent.

Projectile at an angle:

This video discusses how to figure out the horizontal displacement for a projectile launched at an angle.



Parent Resources

Problem-Solving Tasks

Name Description
Coins in a circular pattern:

Using a chart of diameters of different denominations of coins, students are asked to figure out how many coins fit around a central coin. (For this task, United States coins are used, but the task can be adapted for coins from other countries.)

Finding the area of an equilateral triangle:

This problem solving task asks students to find the area of an equilateral triangle. Various solutions are presented that include the Pythagoren theorem and trigonometric functions.

Mt. Whitney to Death Valley:

This task engages students in an open-ended modeling task that uses similarity of right triangles.

The Shortest Line Segment from Point P to Line L:

This is a foundational geometry task designed to provide a route for students to develop some fundamental geometric properties that may seem rather obvious at first glance. In this case, the fundamental property in question is that the shortest path from a point to a line meets the line at a right angle which is crucial for many further developments in the subject.

Seven Circles III:

This provides an opportunity to model a concrete situation with mathematics. Once a representative picture of the situation described in the problem is drawn (the teacher may provide guidance here as necessary), the solution of the task requires an understanding of the definition of the sine function.

Setting Up Sprinklers:

This modeling task involves several different types of geometric knowledge and problem-solving: finding areas of sectors of circles, using trigonometric ratios to solve right triangles, and decomposing a complicated figure involving multiple circular arcs into parts whose areas can be found.

Neglecting the Curvature of the Earth:

This task applies geometric concepts, namely properties of tangents to circles and of right triangles, in a modeling situation. The key geometric point in this task is to recognize that the line of sight from the mountain top towards the horizon is tangent to the earth. We can then use a right triangle where one leg is tangent to a circle and the other leg is the radius of the circle to investigate this situation.



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