Standard #: SC.912.L.16.2


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Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles.


General Information

Subject Area: Science
Grade: 912
Body of Knowledge: Life Science
Idea: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning
Standard: Heredity and Reproduction -

A. DNA stores and transmits genetic information. Genes are sets of instructions encoded in the structure of DNA.

B. Genetic information is passed from generation to generation by DNA in all organisms and accounts for similarities in related individuals.

C. Manipulation of DNA in organisms has led to commercial production of biological molecules on a large scale and genetically modified organisms.

D. Reproduction is characteristic of living things and is essential for the survival of species.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
Content Complexity Rating: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved

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Related Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
SC.912.L.16.Su.1 Recognize characteristics (traits) that offspring inherit from parents.
SC.912.L.16.Pa.1 Recognize similar characteristics (traits) between a child and parents, such as hair, eye, and skin color, or height.
SC.912.L.16.In.2 Identify traits that plants and animals, including humans, inherit.


Related Resources

Lesson Plans

Name Description
DNA and the United States and Florida Constitutions

Students will summarize the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and selections from Florida Statute 817.5655. The relationship between DNA collection and testing as they relate to their constitutional rights will then be explored in this integrated lesson plan.

DNA True Crime Analysis

Students will investigate the Fourth Amendment implications of DNA collection techniques and technologies used in solving true crime examples in this integrated lesson plan.

DNA and the Fourth Amendment

Students’ knowledge of DNA will be broadened to include the concepts of touch/shed DNA, PCR, genetic genealogy, and how the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution relates to those cutting edge technologies in this integrated lesson plan.

Non-Mendelian Genetics: Not All Genetic Crosses Are Easy-PEAsy

Students will compare and contrast the non-Mendelian inheritance patterns of codominance and incomplete dominance.

Genetics, Genetics, and More Genetics

Students will use appropriate tools (Punnett squares) and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data.Students will explore various modes of inheritance through a hands-on activity creating offspring of a fictitious organism. Students will complete Punnett Squares for various genetic crosses, and analyze and interpret the results of those crosses. Students will be able to predict the genotype and phenotype of P1 and F1 generations using Punnett Squares. Students will be able to identify complex patterns of inheritance such as co-dominance and incomplete dominance.

One Fly, Two Fly, Red Fly, Blue Fly

Students apply the scientific process in an online lab inquiry of how traits are inherited with the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. They also learn and apply the principles of Mendelian inheritance. Students make hypotheses for monohybrid, dihybrid and sex-linked traits and test their hypotheses by selecting fruit flies with different visible mutations, mating them, and analyzing the phenotypic ratios of the offspring. Students record their observations into an online notebook and write an online lab report.

Livestock Plans for Raising Red Nosed Reindeer

This lesson about genetics and mutations investigates how red nosed reindeer could be raised in a livestock setting. Students will draw Punnett squares and design livestock plans for reproduction of red nosed reindeer.

Eggenetic Baby

Students will apply their knowledge of genetics and predicting heredity to synthesize an original model of traits.

The Truth about Blue Eyes


Students work together to understand an article describing how genes cause eye color (and it probably doesn't match what's in your textbook!)

Mendelian Genetics

A full lesson plan on teaching Mendelian Genetics and how to use and understand Punnett squares.

Dragon Genetics In this lab, Dragon Genetics: Principles of Mendelian Genetics, students learn the principles of Mendelian genetics by using Popsicle sticks, each of which represents a pair of homologous chromosomes with multiple genetic traits. Pairs of students use their sets of Popsicle sticks to represent a mating and then identify the genetic makeup and phenotypic traits of the resulting baby dragon.
The Wolfman Syndrome This clicker case uses congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), a rare genetic disease, to teach students the basic principles of Mendelian inheritance.

Students watch a video clip from an ABC News interview that introduces them to Danny Gomez, a circus performer with the Mexican international Circus. Danny and several other family members of his family have a condition called hypertrichosis-excessive hair growth in areas of the body that is not predominately androgen dependent. In the process of meeting Danny and his family, students learn basic genetic concepts including DNA organization, karyotype analysis, dominance and recessive patterns of inheritance, sex linkage, and lyonization, as well as a brief introduction to the evolutionary idea of atavism.

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Complex Modes of Inheritance

Learn the basics of inheritance in this interactive tutorial. You discover how to differentiate between polygenic and multiple alleles, predict genetic outcomes using a Punnett square, and analyze inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritances including codominant, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles. 

Perspectives Video: Expert

Name Description
Observable Inheritance Patterns

A plant geneticist describes observable inheritance patterns and genetic mutations in maize.

Perspectives Video: Teaching Ideas

Name Description
Teaching Inheritance with Alien Family Photos

Here's a genetics activity that's out of this world!

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Modeling Incomplete Dominance and Co-Dominance

Don't lose your marbles over genetics concepts! Here's an idea to teach about non-Mendelian inheritance!

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Student Center Activity

Name Description
Dihybrid Cross Problem Set In this problem set, multiple choice problems are displayed one at a time. If students answer correctly, they are shown a short explanation. If their answer is incorrect, a tutorial will follow, and the students will be given another chance to answer.

Teaching Idea

Name Description
Dihybrid Crosses This simple guide will walk you through the steps of solving a typical dihybrid cross common in genetics. The method can also work for any cross that involves two traits.

Text Resource

Name Description
Know Your Genes This website is a good resource for reviewing the basics of the study of genetics. It conveniently lists and describes common genetic disorders, and describes procedure for setting up a medical family tree.

Tutorials

Name Description
Punnet Square Fun

This Khan Academy video explains and demonstrates how to use Punnett Squares for monohybrid crosses and dihybrid crosses. The video also shows how to use Punnett Squares for inheritance patterns such as codominance, incomplete dominance, and multiple alleles.

Sex-Linked Traits

This Khan Academy tutorial addresses the differences between the X and Y chromosomes in humans. The SRY gene found on the Y chromosome is discussed and the genes that cause color-blindness and hemophilia on the X chromosome are discussed.

Genes Come in Pairs

This tutorial will help you to understand that genes play an important role in determining physical traits. These traits helps us to identify the homozygous or heterozygous variety of genes. When the pair of genes are homozygous, they are known as pure bred, i.e they have two copies of the same gene for each trait. For heterozygous variety, they have different gene for each trait. Out of this pair, one will be dominant and other will be recessive.

Chromosomes Carry Genes

With this tutorial, you can understand that DNA is wrapped together to form structures called chromosomes. Genes are sections of DNA that are carried on the chromosomes and determine specific characteristics in organisms. This specific tutorial focuses on sex-linked traits and the work done by Thomas Hunt Morgan with fruit flies.

Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
Sex-Linked Traits

This video describes the chromosomal basis for gender and sex-linked traits.

Virtual Manipulatives

Name Description
Genetics This tutorial explores the work of Gregor Mendel and his foundational genetics experiments with pea plants. It provides practice opportunities to check your understanding of inheritance patterns including single gene recessive traits and sex linked traits. The tutorial also covers more complex patterns of inheritance such those resulting from multiple alleles. Note: This resource is part of a larger collection of information regarding Genetics. Users may view information before and after the specific genetics components highlighted here.
Norn Genetics This is a simplified, interactive demonstration of genetic principles. Using a fictional species named the Norn, students can predict the outcome of genetic crosses (mono and di-hybrid, sex-linked, and multiple-allele). This could be used to strengthen the students understanding of genetics, practice Punnet squares, or practice calculation of genotypic/phenotypic ratios. However, it is unlikely to be useful as an independent assignment (if used as designed).

Worksheet

Name Description
Dragon Genetics -- Independent Assortment and Gene Linkage This is a lab/activity that uses dragons as "research subjects" for genetics research. It highlights independent assortment as well as gene linkage. Students will do the first part of the activity using independent assortment (genes on different chromosomes). The second part of the activity looks at genes on the same chromosome, and how linkage plays a part in allele assortment. It can be used to show how crossing over allows increased variation when involving linked genes.

Worksheets are available in both Word and PDF formats, for both teacher and student. There is an additional dragon genetics lab that illustrates the principles of Mendelian genetics as a whole.

Student Resources

Original Student Tutorial

Name Description
Complex Modes of Inheritance:

Learn the basics of inheritance in this interactive tutorial. You discover how to differentiate between polygenic and multiple alleles, predict genetic outcomes using a Punnett square, and analyze inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritances including codominant, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles. 

Perspectives Video: Expert

Name Description
Observable Inheritance Patterns:

A plant geneticist describes observable inheritance patterns and genetic mutations in maize.

Student Center Activity

Name Description
Dihybrid Cross Problem Set: In this problem set, multiple choice problems are displayed one at a time. If students answer correctly, they are shown a short explanation. If their answer is incorrect, a tutorial will follow, and the students will be given another chance to answer.

Text Resource

Name Description
Know Your Genes: This website is a good resource for reviewing the basics of the study of genetics. It conveniently lists and describes common genetic disorders, and describes procedure for setting up a medical family tree.

Tutorials

Name Description
Punnet Square Fun:

This Khan Academy video explains and demonstrates how to use Punnett Squares for monohybrid crosses and dihybrid crosses. The video also shows how to use Punnett Squares for inheritance patterns such as codominance, incomplete dominance, and multiple alleles.

Sex-Linked Traits:

This Khan Academy tutorial addresses the differences between the X and Y chromosomes in humans. The SRY gene found on the Y chromosome is discussed and the genes that cause color-blindness and hemophilia on the X chromosome are discussed.

Genes Come in Pairs:

This tutorial will help you to understand that genes play an important role in determining physical traits. These traits helps us to identify the homozygous or heterozygous variety of genes. When the pair of genes are homozygous, they are known as pure bred, i.e they have two copies of the same gene for each trait. For heterozygous variety, they have different gene for each trait. Out of this pair, one will be dominant and other will be recessive.

Video/Audio/Animation

Name Description
Sex-Linked Traits:

This video describes the chromosomal basis for gender and sex-linked traits.

Virtual Manipulatives

Name Description
Genetics: This tutorial explores the work of Gregor Mendel and his foundational genetics experiments with pea plants. It provides practice opportunities to check your understanding of inheritance patterns including single gene recessive traits and sex linked traits. The tutorial also covers more complex patterns of inheritance such those resulting from multiple alleles. Note: This resource is part of a larger collection of information regarding Genetics. Users may view information before and after the specific genetics components highlighted here.
Norn Genetics: This is a simplified, interactive demonstration of genetic principles. Using a fictional species named the Norn, students can predict the outcome of genetic crosses (mono and di-hybrid, sex-linked, and multiple-allele). This could be used to strengthen the students understanding of genetics, practice Punnet squares, or practice calculation of genotypic/phenotypic ratios. However, it is unlikely to be useful as an independent assignment (if used as designed).


Parent Resources

Perspectives Video: Expert

Name Description
Observable Inheritance Patterns:

A plant geneticist describes observable inheritance patterns and genetic mutations in maize.

Perspectives Video: Teaching Idea

Name Description
Modeling Incomplete Dominance and Co-Dominance:

Don't lose your marbles over genetics concepts! Here's an idea to teach about non-Mendelian inheritance!

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.



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