Standard 4: Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Age of Exploration.

General Information
Number: SS.912.W.4
Title: Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Age of Exploration.
Type: Standard
Subject: Social Studies
Grade: 912
Strand: World History

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks.

Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Access Points

SS.912.W.4.AP.1
Recognize that Italian city-states, such as Florence, Milan, Naples, Venice, had ideal locations on the Italian peninsula that made them grow wealthy through trade and cultural diversity.
SS.912.W.4.AP.2
Recognize an influence of architectural, artistic, and literary development of Renaissance Italy.
SS.912.W.4.AP.3
Recognize the artistic, literary and technological contributions during the Renaissance of artists, such as da Vinci and Michelangelo; of writers, such as Petrarch and Shakespeare; and of inventors, such as Gutenberg.
SS.912.W.4.AP.4
Identify characteristics of Renaissance humanism in literature and the arts.
SS.912.W.4.AP.5
Recognize new ideas developed during the Scientific Revolution, such as the discovery that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, the pendulum, the law of gravity, the scientific method, and the microscope.
SS.912.W.4.AP.6
Recognize how scientific theories and methods of the Scientific Revolution challenged the beliefs of the early classical and medieval periods.
SS.912.W.4.AP.7
Recognize the impact of the Roman Catholic reformers, such as Erasmus, Wycliffe, or Huss.
SS.912.W.4.AP.8
Recognize the effect of the Protestant religious reforms of Luther, Calvin, and Henry VIII.
SS.912.W.4.AP.9
Recognize the reforms that were enacted by the Roman Catholic Church during the Catholic Counter Reformation.
SS.912.W.4.AP.10
Identify the major contributions of individuals associated with the Scientific Revolution.
SS.912.W.4.AP.11a
Recognize causes that led to the Age of Exploration, such as the need for new routes and goods to trade.
SS.912.W.4.AP.11b
Identify the major voyages and sponsors within the Age of Exploration.
SS.912.W.4.AP.12
Recognize impacts of the Columbian Exchange, such as the exchange of agricultural goods, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
SS.912.W.4.AP.13
Recognize ways the economic and political systems of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England were used in the Americas.
SS.912.W.4.AP.14
Recognize how the practice of slavery and other forms of forced labor differed in Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
SS.912.W.4.AP.15
Identify the origins, developments, and impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade between West Africa and the Americas.

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