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Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 × ? = 48, 5 = [] ÷ 3, 6 × 6 = ?.
Standard #: MAFS.3.OA.1.4Archived Standard
Standard Information
General Information
Subject Area: Mathematics
Grade: 3
Domain-Subdomain: Operations and Algebraic Thinking
Cluster: Level 1: Recall
Cluster: Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division. (Major Cluster) -

Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.
Date Adopted or Revised: 02/14
Content Complexity Rating: Level 1: Recall - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived
Assessed: Yes
Related Courses
Related Resources
Educational Games
  • Patterns in Algebra # This website is a game that incorporates algebraic thinking with patterning. It can be used for third or fourth grade students.
  • Arithmetic Workout # This interactive Flash applet offers three ways for students to practice basic fact skills related to multiplication and division. Users control the challenge level by choosing the size of the blank multiplication grid displayed by the applet. In Multiply mode users type in the product that completes a multiplication sentence. In Factor mode users click a grid cell that matches a given product. In Divide mode users type in a missing factor in the displayed multiplication sentence. A sound effect and timing feature are optional.
Formative Assessments
  • Multiplication and Division Equations # Students are given multiplication and division equations within 100 and asked to find the missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
  • Missing Numbers In Multiplication Equations # Students are given multiplication equations with products within 50 and are asked to find missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
  • Missing Numbers In Division Equations # Students are given division equations involving numbers within 50 and are asked to find missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
  • Find the Unknown Number # Students are given multiplication and division equations within 50 and are asked to find missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
Lesson Plans
  • Cupid's Carnival Rides # In this Model Eliciting Activity, MEA students will analyze different carnival rides to determine which ride would make the most profit by looking at factors such as number of tickets per ride, the cost per ticket, the length of the ride, the number of hours the ride is open, and the cost to operate the ride. Students will need to use different operations in order to solve the tasks and will be required to do multi-steps.
  • Giddy Up, Round Up: Relating Division to Multiplication # In this lesson, students will learn to solve division problems by relating them to multiplication facts. Practice materials focus on the 6's and 8's multiplication facts.
  • Tasty Algebra: Using toasted O cereal to find the missing factor in a multiplication equation. # In this lesson students will use Cheerios to solve multiplication equations relating 3 whole numbers from word problems that include missing factors ranging from one through ten. Students will also argue the validity of multiplication equations that include missing factors and products with corresponding word problems.
  • Field Trip Fundraiser # This 3rd grade MEA asks students to work as a team to figure out which product would be the best choice for their fundraiser for their field trip. They will compare two vendor's products and make a decision about which product would be the best option for their school. Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
Virtual Manipulatives
  • The Multiplication Game # This fun game lets the learners use their multiplication skills to beat the computer. Both the learner and the computer take turns moving one marker at a time. Whoever get 4 in a row first will win the game.
  • Arithmetic # The students will be given mutiplication and division problems which they must answer. They also have the option of being given a number then stating the factors of how that number was attained using either multiplication or division.
STEM Lessons - Model Eliciting Activity
  • Cupid's Carnival Rides # In this Model Eliciting Activity, MEA students will analyze different carnival rides to determine which ride would make the most profit by looking at factors such as number of tickets per ride, the cost per ticket, the length of the ride, the number of hours the ride is open, and the cost to operate the ride. Students will need to use different operations in order to solve the tasks and will be required to do multi-steps.
  • Field Trip Fundraiser # This 3rd grade MEA asks students to work as a team to figure out which product would be the best choice for their fundraiser for their field trip. They will compare two vendor's products and make a decision about which product would be the best option for their school. Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.
MFAS Formative Assessments
  • Find the Unknown Number # Students are given multiplication and division equations within 50 and are asked to find missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
  • Missing Numbers In Division Equations # Students are given division equations involving numbers within 50 and are asked to find missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
  • Missing Numbers In Multiplication Equations # Students are given multiplication equations with products within 50 and are asked to find missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
  • Multiplication and Division Equations # Students are given multiplication and division equations within 100 and asked to find the missing numbers. The missing numbers are presented in all positions.
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