Standard 3 : Vocabulary Acquisition and Use (Archived)



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General Information

Number: LAFS.5.L.3
Title: Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
Type: Cluster
Subject: English Language Arts - Archived
Grade: 5
Strand: Language Standards

Related Standards

This cluster includes the following benchmarks
Code Description
LAFS.5.L.3.4: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
  1. Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
  2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., photograph, photosynthesis).
  3. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
LAFS.5.L.3.5: Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
  1. Interpret figurative language, including similes and metaphors, in context.
  2. Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.
  3. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) to better understand each of the words.
LAFS.5.L.3.6: Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases as found in grade level appropriate texts, including those that signal contrast, addition, and other logical relationships (e.g., however, although, nevertheless, similarly, moreover, in addition).


Related Access Points

This cluster includes the following access points.

Access Points

Access Point Number Access Point Title
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.4a: Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph or text; a word’s position in a sentence) to determine the meaning of unknown or multiple-meaning words.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.4b: Use common grade-appropriate roots and affixes as clues to the meaning of a word.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.4c: Find the pronunciation of a word.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.4d: Find the precise meaning of a word.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.5a: Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative language, such as metaphors and similes.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.5b: Identify the meaning of common idioms or proverbs.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.5c: Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) in writing to promote understanding of each of the words.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.5d: Use figurative language in context, including similes and metaphors.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.6a: Use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases accurately.
LAFS.5.L.3.AP.6b: Use grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases accurately within informational writing.


Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Name Description
What's the Meaning of This?:

Meet Detective Brown! He and his friends are all detectives.You know, readers are just like detectives. Detectives try to solve mysteries when they're on a case and readers try to solve mysteries when they're trying to determine the meaning of what they're reading. Just like detectives, readers need to look for clues to help them figure out the meanings of unknown words and phrases. By the end of this tutorial, you'll be able to use context clues to help you understand the meaning of a word or phrase.

Adages and Proverbs: Revealing Hidden Meanings:

Meet Melvin the Magician! When you’re dealing with magic, things are not always as they appear. That’s what makes magic fun! Similarly, when you’re working with adages and proverbs, things are also not always as they appear. Melvin will never reveal the secrets to his magic tricks, but he will reveal the secret to figuring out what adages and proverbs mean. Learn how to recognize adages and proverbs and explain their meaning.

Idioms: Revealing Hidden Meanings:

Learn how to recognize idioms and explain their meanings as you complete this interactive, magic-themed tutorial.

Lesson Plans

Name Description
Gr. 5 Lesson 3-Fishy Business:

Students will examine the effect of exotic species on an ecosystem by role-playing both a healthy food chain and one that has been impacted by Mayan cichlids.

The Tiger Rising: A Book Study Using Literature Circles:

The Tiger Rising, written by the award winning author Kate DiCamillo, is an engaging story of two children whose lives are thrown together in a small town in Florida. Even though their personalities are in sharp contrast, they become friends who support each other through life's challenges of grief, pain, acceptance and their adventures with the tiger. Kate DiCamillo works her magic through her skilled use of figurative language to develop the characters in a way that engages readers in her character's adventures. Short chapters make this a perfect choice for literature circles. In this lesson, students will answer text-dependent questions as they analyze the two main characters in the story.

Vacation Destination: An Introduction to Advertising:

In this lesson, students have an opportunity to make real-world connections by choosing words and phrases for effect and determining an audience and purpose for writing. They will practice using common persuasive techniques used in argumentative writing and advertisements. The lesson includes a summative assessment and rubric in which students design their own ads for a vacation destination of their choice.

Close Reading of the National Geographic article "Animal Farm":

In this lesson, students will complete a close reading of "Animal Farm," a nonfiction article found online at National Geographic that describes the incredible work one man accomplished as he turned a cattle ranch in Costa Rica into a national wildlife refuge. The students will conduct three close readings of the article, each time for a different purpose. The students will create vocabulary charts and find evidence in the article to answer a set of text-dependent questions. Students will then write an informative essay where they explain how the work of Jack Ewing changed this land. Sample responses are provided along with a writing response rubric.

Not Such a Secret: Summarizing, Central Idea, and Vocabulary:

In this lesson, students will be read the non-fiction article, "A Well-Kept Secret." The students will work to determine the meaning of selected vocabulary from the article and find evidence in the passage to answer a set of text-dependent questions. Students will also explain how the relevant details support the central ideas and summarize the article.

Simile vs. Metaphor: Teaching the Difference through Song and Poetry:

In this lesson, students will work with similes and metaphors through the use of music and a graphic organizer. At the end, students will write a poem demonstrating their mastery of these types of figurative language.

Are You Pulling My Leg!? A Lesson On Idioms:

In this lesson, students will practice recognizing and explaining the meaning of common idioms through poetry. As a summative assessment, students will complete an Idiom Art Project demonstrating an understanding of the difference between the literal and figurative meanings of the idiom they selected. Students will also mark and recognize rhyme scheme notation.

Sing Your Heart Out, Figuratively:

Students will explore various types of figurative language, concentrating on similes and metaphors. They will see how figurative language is used in poetry to add imagery and provide deeper meanings and also see how figurative language is commonly used in popular songs. They will examine different types used in current songs and determine the deeper meanings of the figurative lyrics.

Save the Plants!:

This MEA asks the students to design a system to water plants using rain water. Students apply their knowledge of the water cycle and grade specific content vocabulary to label and justify their design. Students also use context clues and dictionary skills to define the term permeability.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Figuratively Speaking:

In this lesson, students will be working with 5 types of figurative language, including similes, metaphors, idioms, personification, and alliteration. Students will work together to create anchor charts for each type of figurative language, and then work in small groups to identify figurative language examples in poetry. They will identify the type of poem they are reading as they are hunting for figurative language. Finally, students will complete an individual assignment to gauge mastery of the figurative language skills learned.

Affix-a-Go-Go:

In this lesson, students will use prefixes, suffixes, and root words to create their own Affix Books. Students will use word parts to build new words and determine their definitions. Students will also include meaningful sentences and illustrations in their Affix Books.

Personification is Calling You - Teaching Personification and Identifying Types of Poems:

In this lesson students will read poems, see pictures, and learn about personification- the figure of speech that describes nonliving/inanimate objects by giving them human characteristics. Students will identify types of poems and create lists of characteristics, identify feelings that they evoke, and write sentences using personification. They will be writing sentences using personification to express themselves and illustrate their examples.

Close Reading Exemplar: "The Making of a Scientist":

The goal of this two to three day exemplar is to give students the opportunity to use the reading and writing habits they've been practicing on a regular basis to absorb deep lessons from Richard Feynman's recollections of interactions with his father. By reading and rereading the passage closely, and focusing their reading through a series of questions and discussion about the text, students will identify how and why Feynman started to look at the world through the eyes of a scientist. When combined with writing about the passage, students will discover how much they can learn from a memoir.

It's Greek to Me!: Students will use Greek root words, suffixes and prefixes, to 'create' polysyllable words.
Vocabulary Words in Context: This is an introductory vocabulary lesson for a science unit on forces that reshape the Earth's surface, but the activity could be used as a model for teaching vocabulary related to other topics. Students will learn new words through listening, reading and discussion.

Student Center Activities

Name Description
Vocabulary: Homograph Hitch:

In this activity, students will identify the meanings of homographs by playing a matching game.

Vocabulary: Spin Sort:

In this activity, students will identify and sort contractions, synonyms, antonyms, abbreviations, homophones, and homographs.

Vocabulary: Rooting for Meaning!:

In this activity, students will identify the meaning of roots while playing a match game. As an extension activity, students will use roots to create words.

Vocabulary: Affix Game:

In this activity, students will make words containing affixes and use them in a sentence to show meaning while playing an affix game.

Vocabulary: Make it Meaningful:

In this activity, students will determine and record the meanings of words with affixes. They will then sort them by affix meaning.

Vocabulary: Word Dissect:

In this activity, students will segment words into base words and affixes to determine the meaning.

Vocabulary: Meaningful Affixes:

In this activity, students will make words to match meanings by combining base words and affixes.

Vocabulary: Affix Concentration:

In this activity, students will match affixes to their meanings by playing a memory game.

Vocabulary: Homophone Go Fish:

In this activity, students will match homophones with their meanings by playing a card game.

Vocabulary: Homograph Hoorah!:

In this activity, students will read two meanings and write the matching homograph.

Vocabulary: Antonym Concentration:

In this activity, students will match antonyms by playing a memory game.

Vocabulary: Antonym Dominoes:

In this activity, students will identify antonyms by playing a domino game.

Vocabulary: Synonym Bingo!:

In this activity, students will identify synonyms by playing a bingo-like game.

Vocabulary: All For One:

In this activity, students will produce the multiple meanings of words and use the words in sentences that demonstrate understanding of the multiple meanings.

Vocabulary: Analogy Soccer:

In this activity, students will identify words to complete analogies.

Vocabulary: Ask-A-Word:

In this activity, students will demonstrate a deeper understanding of the meaning of words by completing a questionnaire.

Vocabulary: Category Clues:

In this activity, students will produce category labels for related words to demonstrate understanding of their shared attributes/meanings.

Vocabulary: Category Creations:

In this activity, students will produce categories and corresponding words. As an adaptation to this activity, the students may sort teacher-selected words into categories and produce a category heading based on shared attributes OR produce words that belong in teacher-selected categories (based on units of study).

Vocabulary: Category Tag:

In this activity, students will state words that correspond to specific categories by playing a board game. NOTE: A blank game board is provided to allow teachers to create categories relevant to classroom instruction. As an extension, students may choose the word that does not belong in a set of words and name the category for the remaining words.

Vocabulary: Choice Meanings:

In this activity, students will identify the meaning of words in context.

Vocabulary: Cloze Encounters:

In this activity, students will choose words based on meaning to complete sentences in a cloze passage.

Vocabulary: Compare Extraordinaire:

In this activity, students will identify similarities and differences between the meanings of words using a Venn diagram.

Vocabulary: Context Clues:

In this activity, students will read sentences containing context clues and sort by the type of context clue.

Vocabulary: Defining Depictions:

In this activity, students will depict words by drawing pictures that relate to their meaning.

Vocabulary: Dictionary Cube:


In this activity, students will identify the meaning of words and word-related information using a dictionary.

Vocabulary: Dictionary Digs:

In this activity, students will look up target words in a dictionary and record specific information.

Vocabulary: Get a Clue!:

In this activity, students will determine the meanings of unknown words using context clues.

Vocabulary: Getting to the Root of It:

In this activity, students will identify words with common roots and related meanings and sort them on a sorting board.

Vocabulary: Hink Pink Think!:

In this activity, students will find Hink Pinks that correspond to meanings by playing a matching game.

Vocabulary: Homograph Hook:

In this activity, students will match homographs with their corresponding meanings.

Vocabulary: Know or No:

In this activity, students will sort words based on their understanding of the words' meanings. They will then determine the meanings of the words and record them.

Vocabulary: Looking for Meaning:

In this activity, students will determine the meanings of unknown words and rewrite sentences from text to demonstrate their understanding.

Vocabulary: Meaning Extender:

In this activity, students will demonstrate their understanding of words by applying them to a variety of contexts.

Vocabulary: Now Featuring:

In this activity, students will distinguish one word from another by completing an attribute analysis grid. As an adaptation to this activity, teachers may create attribute analysis grids that reflect units of study.

Vocabulary: Oh My Word!:

In this activity, students will write simple definitions, sentences, and synonyms of words on a recording sheet.

Vocabulary: Pun Fun:

In this activity, students will identify examples of non-literal words and phrases in text and record possible meanings.

Vocabulary: Root-A-Word:

In this activity, students will identify and sort words containing the same root.

Vocabulary: Root-O!:

In this activity, students will produce words containing the same root and identify their meanings.

Vocabulary: Synonym-Antonym Creations:

In this activity, students will produce synonyms and antonyms to match targeted words.

Vocabulary: Undercover Meanings:

In this activity, students will write simple definitions, sentences, and examples of target words in a graphic organizer.

Vocabulary: Up With Words:

In this activity, students will produce more precise alternatives for overused words in context.

Vocabulary: What Do You Mean?:


In this activity, students will match words to their meanings.

Vocabulary: Word Clues:


In this activity, students will use reference materials to develop clues about target words. They will provide the clues to a partner until the target word is identified.

Vocabulary: Word Share:

In this activity, students will find, discuss, record, and define selected words in a text.

Vocabulary: Word Winner:

In this activity, students will use strategies to identify the meanings of unknown words in context.

Vocabulary: Word-by-Word:

In this activity, students will show the relationship among words by placing them on a continuum.

Vocabulary: Worn-Out Words:

In this activity, students will produce synonyms as more precise alternatives for overused words.

Unit/Lesson Sequences

Name Description
Words with Wings: A Treasury of African-American Poetry and Art 5th Grade Unit:

This is a fifth grade poetry unit using the book Words with Wings: A Treasury of African-American Poetry and Art by Belinda Rochelle. This poetry unit addresses genre, main idea, tone, theme, author's purpose, and figurative language. The unit concepts are supported through a student packet, which includes worksheet activities and graphic organizers.

"The Wizard of Oz" 5th Grade Unit:

This is a fifth grade unit on the novel The Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum. The unit explores fantasy fiction, setting, effects of character decisions, plot, conflict, and theme. The student packet that accompanies the unit includes graphic organizers and worksheets to assist with reinforcing the unit concepts.

"Dogs Don't Tell Jokes" 5th Grade Unit: This is a fifth grade novel unit on Dogs Don't Tell Jokes by Louis Sachar. A variety of concepts are explored throughout the unit, including genre, characters, relationships, prediction, textual evidence, plot conflict, and theme. The student packet provides graphic organizers and worksheets that can assist with implementing the unit concepts.
The Story of Jackie Robinson: Bravest Man in Baseball:

This is a fifth grade book unit on The Story of Jackie Robinson: Bravest Man in Baseball by Margaret Davidson (Lexile 760). The unit features a series of lessons titled: Distinguish Between Biography and Autobiography; Author's Opinion; Retelling a Life; Events and Effects; Text Features. The resource also includes an 18-day pacing guide, student resource packet and answer keys, and a unit assessment and answer keys.

The Great Gilly Hopkins 5th Grade Unit:

This is a fifth grade unit on the novel The Great Gilly Hopkins by Katherine Paterson. Several concepts are explored throughout this lesson, including plot, conflict, prediction, characters, theme, and relationships. The student packet and accompanying materials provide practice with these concepts.

Riding Freedom 5th Grade Unit: This is a fifth grade unit on the historical fiction novel Riding Freedom by Pam Munoz Ryan. Several concepts regarding the novel are explored, including genre, setting, real-world connections, and effects of a character's past. The student packet and accompanying materials provide ample opportunities for practice.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 5th Grade Unit: This is a fifth grade novel unit on The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis. The unit incorporates instruction relating to the novel's setting, characters, plot, and theme - as well as the basic elements of fantasy fiction. The student packet that accompanies the unit provides some additional structure for the lesson content.
Maniac Magee 5th Grade Unit: This is a fifth grade unit on the novel Maniac Magee by Jerry Spinelli. Graphic organizers, charts, comprehension and vocabulary worksheets, and authentic collaborative activities are used to enhance interaction with the novel. Several concepts are pursued, including theme, conflict, relationships, plot, and characters.
5th Grade Novel Unit: Bridge to Terabithia:

In this novel unit, broken up into seven lessons, students will learn about the genre of realistic fiction, making predictions, identifying plot conflicts, analyzing character relationships, examining gender roles, determining themes, and tracking character changes through reading and discussing the novel Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson (Lexile 810).

Virtual Manipulative

Name Description
Online Practice of Words with Multiple Meanings: These online activities ask students to explore the use of words with multiple meanings. There are two sample worksheets provided on building vocabulary and remembering new words. In addition, there is a video on multiple meanings. Students will enjoy this online practice!


Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this topic.

Original Student Tutorials

Title Description
What's the Meaning of This?:

Meet Detective Brown! He and his friends are all detectives.You know, readers are just like detectives. Detectives try to solve mysteries when they're on a case and readers try to solve mysteries when they're trying to determine the meaning of what they're reading. Just like detectives, readers need to look for clues to help them figure out the meanings of unknown words and phrases. By the end of this tutorial, you'll be able to use context clues to help you understand the meaning of a word or phrase.

Adages and Proverbs: Revealing Hidden Meanings:

Meet Melvin the Magician! When you’re dealing with magic, things are not always as they appear. That’s what makes magic fun! Similarly, when you’re working with adages and proverbs, things are also not always as they appear. Melvin will never reveal the secrets to his magic tricks, but he will reveal the secret to figuring out what adages and proverbs mean. Learn how to recognize adages and proverbs and explain their meaning.

Idioms: Revealing Hidden Meanings:

Learn how to recognize idioms and explain their meanings as you complete this interactive, magic-themed tutorial.